长三角地区制造业的转型升级以及地区专业化与协同发展研究——基于长三角与京津冀比较的实证分析

An Study on Transformation and Upgrading,Regional Specialization of Manufacturing and Synergetic Development in Yangtze River Delta——Based on Empirical Analysis of Comparison with Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei Region

全球金融危机爆发后,长三角地区制造业产值增长的波动较大,增速明显下滑,并且长三角地区各省份制造业的增长态势及其规模的差异很大。该文的分析表明,长三角地区高技术产业取得了较好的发展,同京津冀地区相比具有一定的区域竞争优势。但是,作为长三角核心城市的上海,其制造业转型升级层次低、转型升级速度慢,与北京的差距较大。上海的核心城市辐射带动作用也不明显。而且长三角其他省份的制造业转型升级势头较弱。该文对制造业地区专业化的分析表明,长三角和京津冀一体化发展已进入由梯度转移为主向城市功能转变为主的产业合作新阶段。但是与京津冀相比,长三角各省市制造业的专业化水平较低,各省市间制造业结构的差异性和互补性也不及京津冀地区,无法分享伴随专业化分工协作带来的规模经济和集聚经济效益,不过长三角区域内各省市间形成了互补性较好的专业化优势产业发展格局。伴随着国内外经济转型的不断推进和区域经济一体化的逐步深化,发挥好制造业转型升级与地区专业化的双重支撑作用是长三角各省份未来协同发展的关键。

After the financial crisis, manufacturing growth rate of Yangtze River Delta fluctuates and decreases significantly with obvious differences in the growth momentum and the relative size of different provinces. Analysis of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing indicates that high-tech industries in the Yangtze River Delta have achieved rapid development, but show certain regional competitiveness compared with Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Region. Meanwhile, based on the structural change tendency of manufacturing industry of different factor intensive types, this paper finds that Shanghai, the central city of Yangtze River Delta, lies in a low level and goes slowly in the process of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing, and has a large gap compared with Beijing, the core city of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Region. Accordingly, the leading role of Shanghai is greatly weakened. Furthermore, the momentum of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing of other provinces in Yangtze River Delta is weak, not forming strong impetus for regional synergetic development. Analysis of regional specialization of manufacturing shows that integrated development of Yangtze River Delta and the region of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei enters from gradient transfer to a new industrial cooperation stage with transformation of city＇s function. Compared with the latter, the former region＇s overall level of manufacturing specialization is low and differences and complementarities of manufacturing structure between provinces can＇t match. Therefore, Yangtze River Delta can＇t enjoy benefits of scale economy and agglomerationl economy following specialization. However, different provinces within the region have formed a competitive industries development pattern which has good complementarities. With the continuous advancement of economic transformation home and abroad and the gradual deepening of regional economic integration, the key to the future synergetic development of Yangtze River Delta is to make good use of the dual supporting role of the transformation and upgrading and regional specialization of manufacturing.