曲靖市2005—2015年Rh(-)献血者人群结构特征急救用血及保留策略分析

The Population Structural Characteristics of Rh(-) Blood Donor from 2005 to 2015 in Qujing City analysis of Blood Transfusion and Storage Strategies for Clinical Emergency

目的了解曲靖市近11年来Rh（-）献血者人群结构状况、为改进和完善献血者宣传招募提供依据,提高固定献血者的比例,采集充足血液。方法通过对2005—2015年参加无偿献血的Rh（-）献血者资料性别、年龄结构、职业状况、民族构成、文化程度、献血类型、血型分布运用统计方法进行比较分析。结果 11年共有644人Rh（-）献血者参加无偿献血,男性献血者明显高于女性,男女比例为1.78∶1,文化程度以初级中等教育、大学本科及大学专科为主占（65.53%）,职业分布以农民为主占（54.50%）;年龄以25～34及35～45岁所占比例较大（占72.83%）,644人Rh（-）献血者中,固定献血23人仅占3.57%;流失399人占61.95%。临床用血从2005年的76.3 U增加到2015年的306.3 U,血液库存时有季节性偏型存在。结论 Rh（-）献血者人群在性别、职业、文化程度和血型方面均有显著特征,在制定献血者招募策略时,应依据不同的目标人群制定不同的宣传招募方案,稳定、巩固及壮大Rh（-）献血者队伍,积极招募动员更多的献血者,采集充足的血液,保障Rh（-）患者得到及时救治。

Objective This paper aims to gather information of the population structural characteristics of Rh（-） blood donor city for the past 11 years, provides publicity and recruitment for the improvement of blood donors for blood donors and increases the fixed proportion of adequate blood collection. Methods Based on the gender, age structure, occupation status, ethnic composition, education level, blood type of the Rh（-） blood donors from 2005 to 2015, the paper analyzes the blood type distribution by using statistical methods. Results For the past 11 years, a total of 644 Rh（-） blood donors took part in the voluntary blood donation, and the male donors was significantly higher than that in female with the ratio of male to female of 1.78：1. For the education level part, donors are mainly with junior secondary education, higher education and junior college education which accounts for 65.53%. For the occupational distribution part, farmers accounts for 54.50%.The ages of the donors are mostly ranging from 25 to 34 and 35 to 45 years old which accounts for a larger proportion of72.83%. Among the 644 Rh（-） blood donors, only 23 of them（3.57%） are fixed blood donors while the rest of the other399 people（61.95%） are floating blood donors. The clinical use of blood increased from 76.3u in 2005 to 306 in 2015, 3U.The blood storage still has the seasonal bias. Conclusion There are significant characteristics from the Rh（-） blood donors from the perspectives of sex, occupation, educational level and blood type. Thus, when making recruitment strategy for blood donors, different propaganda recruitment plans should be provided according to different target groups. Thus we can consolidate and enlarge the Rh（-） blood donation team, actively recruit more blood donors, collect enough blood and ensure the treatment of Rh（-） patients in time.