临床医护人员职业暴露应急处置认知调查及发生影响因素分析

Analysis on Cognition and Influencing Factors of Occupational Exposure of Medical Staff in Emergency Treatment

目的了解临床医护人员职业暴露应急处置知识掌握程度及发生影响因素,为开展针对性的培训,保证医护人员安全提供依据。方法在河南省18个地市分别随机抽取1所市级以上医院,每所医院按工号随机抽取医生20名,护士20名,发放调查问卷720份,回收719份,回收率99.86%。调查内容包括医护人员基本信息,如性别、年龄、工龄等。采用SPSS 15.0进行统计分析。结果 719名调查对象中包括医生357名,护士362名,本科及以上学历465名,占比64.67%;占比55.50%;近3年曾经发生过职业暴露106名,占比14.74%,76%的医护人员认为与艾滋病(HIV)患者握手不会导致传染;医护人员职业暴露的发生与工龄、所在科室、接受培训次数及医院级别相关。结论培训是提高医护人员职业暴露认知、降低职业暴露风险的有效手段。随着工龄、学历的提高及培训的增加,医护人员职业暴露的风险逐渐降低。

Objective To investigate the cognitive and influencing factors on occupational exposure of medical staff and provide basic data for pertinence training. Methods 18 hospitals were selected in Henan Province. 20 doctors and 20 nurses were randomly selected in each hospital by job number. 720 questionnaires including basic information such as age, gender,education were conducted and 719 were recycled with the recycling rate 99.86%. The data was inputted by Epidata and analyzed by SPSS15.0. Results In all 357 doctors and 362 nurses, 465 participations with bachelor degree or above were included, accounting for 64.67%; 106 had ever experienced occupational exposure in last three years, accounting for 14.74%;76% of the participations thought shaking hands with AIDS patients would not lead to infection; 85% of participations thought providing therapy for HIV patients has certain psychological pressure; Occurrence of occupational exposure was related to working years, training times and hospital level.Conclusion Training is an effective way to improve the cognitive and reduce the risk of occupational exposure.The risk of occupational exposure of medical staff is reduced with the increase of working years, education and training times.