次磷酸铝/环氧硅树脂阻燃PA6的性能研究

Study on Properties of PA6 Flame-retarded with AHP/ESR Composite

将次磷酸铝(AHP)和环氧硅树脂(ESR)复配后添加到聚酰胺6(PA6)中制备了阻燃PA6材料。通过极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧(UL 94)测试研究了该阻燃PA6材料的阻燃性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了阻燃PA6的残炭形貌,同时还通过拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度测试考察了阻燃PA6的力学性能。结果表明:当AHP用量为24%时,阻燃PA6材料通过了UL 94V-0测试,其LOI值达到25.6%;而以质量比为95:5的复配阻燃剂AHP/ESR对PA6进行阻燃,且阻燃剂用量仅为18%时,阻燃PA6材料通过UL 94V-0测试,其LOI值达到25.8%,这说明AHP与ESR对PA6具有良好的协效阻燃作用。与PA6/AHP复合材料相比,PA6/AHP/ESR复合材料的力学性能有所改善,这说明ESR的加入可提高材料的力学性能。此外,SEM测试结果显示,ESR的加入有助于阻燃PA6材料形成均一、致密的炭层,对下层的材料起到了很好的保护作用,从而提高了材料的阻燃性能。

The aluminum hypophosphite（AHP） combined with epoxy-silicon resin（ESR） were incorporated into polyamide 6（PA6） to prepare flame retardant PA6 composites. The fire retardancy of the materials was investigated by limiting oxygen index（LOI） and vertical burning（UL 94） tests, the mechanical properties of the materials were measured by tensile, flexural and impact strength tests and the surface morphologies of the char layer were measured by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The results indicate that the PA6/AHP composites pass UL 94V-0 flammability rating and the LOI value is 25.6% when the loading amount of AHP is 24%. However, the PA6/AHP/ESR composites pass UL 94V-0 flammability rating and its LOI value reaches 25.8% when the additive amount of AHP/ESR composite with the mass ratio of 95：5 is only 18%. The fact shows that AHP and ESR exist excellent synergistic effect for flame retardant PA6 matrix. Moreover, the incorporation of ESR enhances the mechanical properties of PA6/AHP/ESR composites compared with that of PA6/AHP system. The introduction of ESR promotes the forming of more homogeneous and compact char layer, which prevents the underlying matrix from further decomposition and combustion, consequently enhances the flame retardancy of the flame retardant PA6 composites.