几种常见淡水鱼红细胞流变性的实验研究

The research of erythrocyte rheology in several common freshwater fish

鱼类血液的流变性(rheology)是其血液循环中重要的生理机制,检测6种常见淡水鱼的血液黏度和红细胞流变性,比较常见淡水鱼血液的流变性差异,提供正常淡水鱼的血液流变学(Hemorheology)生理参数。采用鲫鱼(Crucian carp)、草鱼(Grass Carp)、鲤鱼(Carp)、罗非鱼(Tilapia)、鲈鱼(Common Sea perch)和团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)6种常食用的淡水鱼,每种鱼类各6条,鱼尾静脉取血,肝素抗凝,以锥-板法检测鱼的血液黏度、激光衍射法检测红细胞变形性、光密度法检测红细胞聚集性指标。血液黏度的比较,低剪切率1 s^(-1)下鲤鱼的血液黏度为(20.78±2.60)mpa·s,和鲤鱼的血液黏度相比,武昌鱼(16.86±2.94)mpa·s和加州鲈鱼(15.55±2.57)mpa·s的血液黏度较低(P<0.05),血液黏度从高到低依次为罗非鱼(19.09±3.01)mpa·s、草鱼(18.35±2.04)mpa·s、鲫鱼(17.11±3.03)mpa·s,在120 s^(-1)高剪切率下,几种淡水鱼的血液黏度没有显著差异。红细胞变形性的比较,在1 500 s^(-1)剪切率下的红细胞变形性较好的依次为鲤鱼、草鱼、武昌鱼、鲫鱼、罗非鱼和加州鲈,红细胞聚集指数的结果比较,几种淡水鱼之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。淡水鱼的血液黏度和红细胞流变性与其在水中的生活习性和饮食结构密切相关,人工饲养的淡水鱼应重视饲料的配制对血液流变性的影响。

The blood rheology in fish is an important physiological mechanism of its blood circulation. the blood viscosity,blood viscosity and erythrocyte rheology in 6 kinds of common freshwater fish were observed,and the contrast of rheological differences in freshwater fish were analyzed,so as to provide normal hemorheological Physiological parameters of freshwater fish. Experiment fish included crucian carp,grass carp,carp,tilapia,perch and megalobrama amblycephala. 6 kinds of edible freshwater fish,6 for each kind of fish used for samples,vein blood was extracted from fish tail and anticoagulated with heparin,the blood viscosity of fish was detected with cone and plate method,laser diffraction method,erythrocyte deformability was examined with laser diffraction method,erythrocyte aggregation was observed by optical density method. In the comparison of blood viscosity,carp blood viscosity was（ 20. 78 ± 2. 60）mpa·s. under the 1 / s low shear rate,compared with the carp blood viscosity,blood viscosity of Megalobrama amblycephala（ 16. 86± 2. 94） mpa·s and perch（ 15. 55 ± 2. 57） mpa·s were significantly lower（ P 0. 05）,blood viscosity of the others from high to low in turn were tilapia（ 19. 09 ± 3. 01） mpa·s,grass carp（ 18. 35 ± 2. 04） mpa·s,crucian carp（ 17. 11 ± 3. 03） mpa·s,under the 120 / s high shear rate,there were no significant differences of blood viscosity in several kinds of freshwater fish. In the comparison of erythrocyte deformability,under the 1500 / s shear rate,erythrocyte deformability from good to bad in turn were carp,grass carp,Megalobrama amblycephala,carp,tilapia,and perch,there were no significant differences in the erythrocyte aggregation indexes of several kinds of freshwater fish（ P 0. 05）. The blood viscosity and erythrocyte rheology of freshwater fish were closely related with life habits in the water and dietary structure,the effect of the dietary formulation on blood rheology in freshwater fish should be paid abundant attention.