延安文艺运动中的方向性问题和座谈会的召开——对毛泽东与萧军交往之再探讨

Discussions about Future Orientation of the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art——A Study on Mao Zedong's Contact with Xiao Jun

延安时期毛泽东与萧军的交往,反映了抗日根据地文艺运动朝什么方向发展的问题,两人各自所主张制定的文艺政策是根本不同的。萧军追求"为艺术而艺术",希望改变毛泽东、改变中国共产党。毛泽东希望帮助萧军克服非无产阶级思想,学习马克思主义以改造自己的世界观、融入到工农兵中为工农兵写作。萧军一方面希望中国共产党尊重作家的自由和独立,一方面以杂文"暴露黑暗"并批评他眼中的"延安文艺现象",要求毛泽东制定"文艺政策",将这两方面规定下来。这种现象使毛泽东认为必须在大量吸收知识分子政策基础上制定进一步的文艺政策,以解决文艺运动中的方向性问题,因此他要求萧军等作家帮助搜集材料。同其他作家一样,萧军也为延安文艺座谈会的召开作出了贡献。但是,他认为毛泽东在座谈会上的讲话是针对他而来的,因而同毛泽东争论。毛泽东用心劝导萧军,体现他对指引文艺运动前进方向和制定党的文艺政策的重视和努力。

Mao Zedong＇s relationship with Xiao Jun during the Yan＇an period reflected the future direction of art and literary movement in anti-Japanese base areas. The cultural policies proposed by Mao and Xiao were quite different. In pursuit of art for art＇s sake, Xiao attempted to make great impact on cultural policies adopted by Mao and the Party. As a contrast, Mao wanted Xiao to write for proletarians represented by factory workers, peasant farmers and soldiers instead of sticking to his non-proletarian ideologies. Despite that Xiao＇s contribution to Chinese modem literary was praised during the Yan＇an Forum on Literature and Art, Xiao believed that Mao Zedong＇ s speech on symposia was against Xiao＇ s thoughts and literary works.