一种新型季铵盐松香表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

Research on Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Quarternary Ammonium Rosin Surfactant

合成了一种环保高效的新型季铵盐松香表面活性剂,先将松香与环氧氯丙烷反应合成中间产物3-松香酰氧-2-羟丙基氯(Ⅰ),Ⅰ再与三甲胺反应制得目标产物新型季铵盐松香表面活性剂3-松香酰氧-2-羟丙基-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(Ⅱ),通过FT-IR和元素分析对目标产物的结构进行了表征,并对目标产物Ⅱ水溶液的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和乳化能力进行了研究。结果表明:表面张力法所测得的临界胶束浓度为3.7×10-5mol/L,临界表面张力为35.9 m N/m.,乳化能力为分出10 m L水的时间为29 min,与十二烷基苯磺酸钠、苄基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵等常见表面活性剂相比,目标产物(Ⅱ)具有更好的乳化能力。

An environmental protection, efficient and new quaternary ammonium salt rosin surfactant was synthesized. First, intermediate product 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl rosin acyloxy（Ⅰ） was prepared by rosin reacting with epichlorohydrin, second, the product 3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl-N, N, N- trimethylammonium chloride（Ⅱ） was prepared byⅠreacting with trimethylamine, third, the final product was characterized by FT-IR and elemental analysis. The critical micelle concentration（cmc） and emulsifying ability of the final product solution were studied. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration was 3.7×10^-5mol / L with surface tension method, the critical surface tension was 35.9 m N/m, the emulsifying power of separating time of 10 m L water was 29 min. The emulsifying ability of the final product（Ⅱ） is superior to sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and other conventional surfactants.