上海社区老年人生活方式与跟骨定量超声骨密度的相关性

Association of lifestyle factors with quantitative ultrasound-bone mineral density in elderly population in Shanghai community

目的探讨生活方式对上海社区老年人跟骨定量超声骨密度(quantitative ultrasound-bone mineral density,QUS-BMD)的影响。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷对上海社区自愿参加跟骨定量超声检查的14 814例老年人进行生活方式的调查,并使用跟骨定量超声仪对受试者右侧跟骨的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)进行测量。结果随着年龄的增加,老年男性和女性的BMD水平均逐渐下降(P均<0.05);男性BMD水平高于女性(0.441 g/cm^2vs.0.377 g/cm^2,P均<0.05);随着教育程度的提高,BMD水平逐渐升高(P均<0.05);每天锻炼≥30 min者BMD水平明显高于不锻炼者或每天锻炼<30 min者(0.415 g/cm^2vs.0.404 g/cm^2或0.409 g/cm^2,P均<0.05);每天饮用乳制品≥250 m L者BMD水平明显高于不饮用乳制品或每天饮用<250 m L者(0.418 g/cm^2vs.0.405 g/cm^2或0.405 g/cm^2,P均<0.05);体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)低于21.77 kg/m^2组BMD水平明显低于BMI高于21.77 kg/m2的其他3组(0.396 g/cm^2vs.0.412 g/cm^2和0.411 g/cm^2、0.418 g/cm^2,P均<0.05)。结论上海社区老年人跟骨定量超声骨密度与生活方式及膳食营养状况密切相关,教育程度、户外锻炼、饮用奶制品、BMI等因素为上海社区老年人QUS-BMD的保护性因素,而高龄、女性等因素是上海社区老年人QUS-BMD的不利因素,良好的生活方式和膳食习惯对老年人骨健康至关重要。

Objective To analyze the influence of lifestyle factors on bone mass among elderly population in Shanghai community. Methods Totally 14 814 volunteer aged over 65 years from Shanghai communities were investiga- ted using a self-designed questionnaire to survey their lifestyles, then bone mineral density （BMD） of right calcaneus were measured by quantitative ultrasound system （QUS）. Results The BMD showed a significant decreasing trend with aging, both in men and women （all P 〈0.05）. Men had greater BMD than women （0.441 g/cm： vs. 0.377 g/cm2, all P 〈 0. 05）. The level of BMD increased significantly with the improvement of education level （ all P 〈 0.05 ） ; BMD levels of people who exercised ≥ 30 min/d were significantly higher than those of people who did not exercise or exercised 〈 30 min/d （0. 415 g/cm2 vs. 0. 404 g/cm2 or 0. 409 g/cm2, both P 〈 0. 05 ） ; BMD levels of people who drank milk ≥250 mL/d were significantly higher than those of people who did not drink milk or drank 〈250 mL/d （0. 418 g/cm2 vs. 0. 405 g/cm2 or 0. 405 g/cm2, both P 〈 0. 05） ; BMD levels of people whose BMI below 21.77 kg/m2 were higher than those of people whose BMI above 21.77 kg/m2 （0. 396 g/cm2 vs. 0. 412 g/cm2, 0. 411 g/cm2, 0. 418 g/cm2, all P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion BMD of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound in elderly people of Shanghai community was closely re- lated to lifestyle and diet nutrition. Education level, outdoor exercises, milkconsumption, BMI, type 2 diabetes were protective factors of BMD. While high age, female gender, type 1 diabetes were adverse factors of BMD. Good lifestyle and dietary habits are essential for bone health of elderly.