上海市区方言(Ф)变项的分布——兼论权威语的迁移现象

The distribution of (Ф) in the Shanghai urban dialect:A case study of the prestigious form shift

本研究利用"快速隐身调查法",通过地名常用字"瑞"来观察上海市区方言(?)变项的分布情况。方差分析显示:年龄因素对(?)变项的分布有显著影响,年纪越大越容易使用苏州变式[E],之后本土变式[?]的使用频率开始增加,最新趋势是使用折合变式[uE]的可能性上升;性别因素并不显著,但20岁至40岁的女性呈现出易受普通话影响使用折合变式[uE]的倾向,可能引领"语言创新"。从历时演变的角度来看,"瑞"字通过年龄呈现出的共时变异体现了上海话形成过程中,对其产生接触影响的权威语从苏州话到普通话的迁移过程。

This paper aims to analyze the distribution of( ?) in the Shanghai urban dialect via the Rapid and Anonymous Observation. As suggested by the result of ANOVA, only the age factor shows significance. The old group is remarkable for adapting the Suzhou variant, while the young group prefers the innovative variant due to the influence of Mandarin. Despite the insignificance of the gender factor in statistics, females of the young group still show a strong tendency to choose the innovative variant. This kind of distribution is resulted from a shift of the prestigious language which happens during the formation of the Shanghai urban dialect. The paper is an attempt to reconstruct diachronic changes from synchronic social variations.