空间量形容词的变读

The changed pronunciation of size adjectives

本文探讨"高"等空间量形容词的变读问题,发现:1)胡三省《资治通鉴音注》将出现在"NP+高+数+量"格式中的"高"注为去声,作"度高"解,格式中的"高"并不表示属性,而是已经名物化,去声是其名物化的形式标记;2)对"高"等空间量形容词的变读现象,现存最早、最系统的记载出自陆德明的《经典释文》,而就在陆德明的时候,此类变读已经衰微,因而《广韵》不收,《集韵》收音较《广韵》广因而收录。胡三省只是承袭陆氏的说法,并不反映当时语音的实际;3)跟"高"有同样情况的还有"长、广、深、厚"四词,它们都是具有空间语义特征的度量形容词。

This paper discusses the changed pronunciation of some size adjectives, such as gao( 高, high). The main conclusions are: 1) the word gao in the construction ' NP +gao+numeral+classifier' in Zizhi Tongjian( 资治通鉴) is annotated by Hu Sanxing( 胡三省) as taking the departing tone and meaning 'measuring height'( 度高). It argues that the word gao in this construction should be treated as a noun rather than an adjective, and the departing tone is the marker indicating that the word gao is a noun. 2) The changed pronunciations of such size adjectives are first recorded in Jingdian Shiwen( 经典释文) by Lu Deming( 陆德明). But even in Lu's times such pronunciation change had rarely been documented. Therefore, we cannot find similar phenomena in Guangyun( 广韵). But we can find it in Jiyun( 集韵), which collects more phonetic items than Guangyun. Hu Sanxing just inherited the ideas of Lu Deming, which did not reveal the real phonological situation of his times.3) The adjectives of chang( 长),guang( 广),shen( 深),hou( 厚) have developed in the same path with the word gao, because they are all characteristic of the semantic features of [+space] and [ +dimension].