基于GIS和RS的黔南喀斯特地区人居环境自然适应性评价

Application of GIS and RS technologies to the evaluation of natural suitability of human habitation in Qiannan karst area

运用GIS和RS技术,建立包括地形起伏度、温湿指数、水文指数和植被指数的人居环境自然适宜性评价模型,系统评价黔南喀斯特地区人居环境自然适宜性与限制性。结果表明:1黔南喀斯特地区人居环境以临界适宜和一般适宜为主要特征,人居环境自然适宜程度大致呈现出由山地向丘陵、河谷、平原递增的趋势,其中43%的地区为一般适宜区,57%的地区为临界适宜区。2黔南州人居环境自然条件,包括地形、气候、水文和植被不同程度地对人口分布产生影响,其中气候对人口分布的限制性最强,其次是地形条件。科学评价黔南喀斯特地区人居环境自然适宜性,能够引导该区的功能定位、人口分布,促进人口与环境的协调发展。

In this paper, an evaluation model for natural suitability of human settlement, by integrating key factors as relief degree of land surface, temperature and humidity index, vegetation index, hydrology index and climate suitability, is established. Based on Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing tech- niques, the natural suitability and restrictiveness for human settlement in the Qiannan karst area were evalu- ated, respectively. Results show that 1） The human settlement in the karst area is mainly characterized by the zones of critical habitability and general habitability, which respectively hold 57% and 43% of the entire area, while the natural suitability of human settlement environment generally shows a trend of increasing ar- ea from the mountains to the hills, the valleys and the plains; 2） The natural conditions of the human settle- ment in the area studied, including the features of topography, climate, hydrology together with vegetation, have the influence on the population distribution in different extent, of which land surface is most restrictive, followed By terrain conditions. Scientifically evaluating the natural suitability for human settlement of Qian- nan karst area can guide the functional location and population distribution, which has guiding significance on the coordinated development of population and environment.