地下滴灌的应用模式与启示

Application Modes and Inspiration of Subsurface Drip Irrigation

地下滴灌是一种先进的节水灌溉技术,为发展节水农业提供了一条可选之路。为了寻求合理的地下滴灌应用模式,对新疆、甘肃和广西3个示范区的地下滴灌系统的投入和效益进行了对比分析,得出如下结论：地下滴灌系统的毛管采用一次铺设、多年使用的方式;与每年更换田间毛管的地表滴灌系统相比,地下滴灌系统年静态投资与地表滴灌相当或减少,但地下滴灌更方便农业管理;棉花、马铃薯和甘蔗3种作物的地下滴灌均取得了较好的效益,地下滴灌与膜下滴灌棉花产量相当或略有增产,甘蔗单产从52.5~63.0 t/hm2提高到117~130 t/hm2,增加了1倍以上,马铃薯地下滴灌在节水22%的同时,增产了115%;变革作物种植模式,选择与节水技术相适宜的作物种植与管理技术,可以更好地发挥节水技术的效益。

Subsurface drip irrigation （SDI） is an advanced water-saving irrigation technology for developing water-saving agriculture. In order to find a reasonable SDI application mode, the investment and benefit of SDI systems in three demonstration zones of Xinjiang, Gansu and Guangxi, were compared and analyzed, and the following conclusions were obtained：compared with the disposable surface drip irrigation with annual changed laterals in the field, the laterals of SDI were installed once and used for many years, the static in- vestment of SDI was lesser or equal to the surface drip irrigation systems, and SDI was more convenient for agricultural management, SDI system tor three kinds crops of cotton, potatoes and sugarcane achieved better benefit, the cotton yield of SDI are slightly higher or equal to that of fihned drip irrigation system, the single yield of sugarcane increased from 52.5 - 63.0 t/hm2 to 117 - 130 t/hm2 , and the sitlgle yield was more twice, the yield of potato of SDI increased by 115% while SDI saved water by 22%. Changing proper crop- ping patterns and selecting appropriate planting modes and management techniques of crops, water-saving technologies would get higher benefits.