老年维持性血液透析患者不安腿综合征的患病率、危险因素及其对睡眠质量的影响

The prevalence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients and its impact on the quality of sleep

目的 调查老年维持性血液透析患者中不安腿综合征（restless legs syndrome,RLS）的患病率和相关危险因素,分析RLS对患者睡眠质量的影响。方法 选取2013年7月至2015年6月于广元市第一人民医院接受治疗的186例老年维持性血液透析患者为研究对象,调查RLS的患病率及其相关危险因素。睡眠质量的评估采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）,分析RLS对睡眠质量的影响。结果 186例老年维持性血液透析患者中RLS共30例,患病率为16.1%。经多元Logistic回归分析,透析时间（OR=1.441,95%CI：1.029-2.127）、血钙（OR=1.381,95%CI：1.002-2.261）和一般健康状况（OR=2.116,95%CI：1.064-4.417）为老年维持性血液透析患者发生RLS的主要危险因素。RLS组患者睡眠质量总分显著高于非RLS组（P〈0.05）。结论 老年维持性血液透析患者中RLS患病率较高,透析时间、血钙水平和健康状况为RLS的主要危险因素,RLS可明显降低患者的睡眠质量。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of restless legs syndrome （RLS） in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients, and analyze the effect of RLS sleep quality of patients. Method From July 2013 to June 2015, 186 patients received maintenance hemodialysis in the First People＇s Hospital of Guangyuan were selected as the research objects. The prevalence of RLS and its related risk factors were investigated. The sleep quality assessment were performed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index （PSQI）. The influence of the RLS to sleep quality were analyzed. Result There were 30 RLS cases within 186 cases of elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients, with the prevalence of 16.1%. By multiple Logistic regression analysis, dialysis time （OR = 1.441, 95%CI： 1.029 - 2.127）, blood calcium （OR =1.381, 95%CI： 1.002 - 2.261） and general health status （OR = 2.116, 95%CI： 1.064 - 4.417） were major risk factors for RLS in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients. The average sleep quality score of RLS group was significantly higher than non-RLS group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion RLS has a high prevalence in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients and dialysis duration, blood calcium and health state are major risk factors of it. RLS can significantly decrease patients＇ sleep quality.