人民监督员制度试点的观察与反思

Observation of and Reflection on the People's Supervisor System

2015年最高人民检察院、司法部发布的《深化人民监督员制度改革方案》从选任管理方式、监督案件的范围、监督程序和制度保障等方面完善了人民监督员制度。文章专门研究人民监督员改革试点的内容,并结合试点地区的实践,介绍C市改革的情况。从C市践行人民监督员改革试点的内容来看:选任管理实现了外部化,拓展了监督案件的范围,完善了监督员参与监督的程序,保障了监督员的知情权;C市人民监督员制度改革初现成效:人民监督员结构符合广泛代表性的要求,选任方式体现了民主自愿与考察确认相结合,通过培训提高了人民监督员的履职能力,设置三项制度保障监督员的知情权,以及在监督案件时重视制度创新,如对指定居所监视居住进行监督、人民监督员见证职务犯罪案件搜查活动、人民监督员参与检察长接待日活动。人民监督员制度改革的趋势是:应当加强人民监督员履职保障、完善案件监督的程序、拓展"八种情形"案件的来源、平衡知情权与案件保密性的矛盾、增强监督程序的约束力。人民监督员制度已经走过13年,从2003年产生试点到全面推广,在不断完善和进步,制度促进了检察机关职务犯罪办案质量的提高,执法观念得到转变,执法行为进一步规范。各地在实行人民监督员制度过程中也发现制度存在的一些弊端,人民监督员制度要保证制度的生命力,就需要改进其弊端进而推进制度立法。

The Supreme People＇s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Justice issued ＂Deepening the People＇s Supervisor System Reform Program＂ in 2015. The program improves the system from the following aspects： the election and management, the procedures and the scope of monitoring, the security of the right to know, and other specific legislative supporting measures. This article specializes in the contents of reform, and combines with the practice of the pilot areas to introduce the overall situation of reform in the city of C. From the practice of the city, it can be found that the elected management realizes externalization, the scope of the case is expanded, the program of supervisors involved in the supervision is improved and the supervisor＇s right to know is ensured. The reform has achieved some success： the structure of people＇s supervisor conforming to the requirements of a wide range of representation, the mode of selection reflecting voluntary and investigation, the executing ability of the people＇s supervisor improved through training, setting up three systems to protect supervisor＇s right to know as well as attention to the institutional innovation during the supervision. Finally, from the practice, the paper predicts the direction of the people＇s supervisor system reform, such as supervisor to the designated residence, supervisor to the search for crime case, and participating in the attorney general reception day. The trend of people＇s supervisor system reform is to strengthen people＇s supervisor to perform their duties by improving case supervision procedures, expand the source of ＂eight kinds cases＂, balance the contradiction between informing in the case and the confidentiality, and enhance the effect of supervision procedure. The people＇s supervisor system has gone through 13 years in the continuous improvement and progress, and this system promotes the crime case quality and changes the law enforcement concept. Some drawbacks of the system are found. To ensure the vitality of the system, the legislation of peopte＇s supervisor system needs to be launched.