微通道经皮肾镜联合顺行输尿管软镜手术治疗鹿角形肾结石

Mini -percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with antegrade modular flexible ureteroscope for treatment of staghorn stones

目的：探讨微通道经皮肾镜联合顺行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角形肾结石的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析采用微通道经皮肾镜碎石联合顺行输尿管软镜治疗肾鹿角形结石患者116例的临床资料，男性63例，女性53例，年龄25～67岁，结石最大径46～98 mm，平均46 mm，其中完全鹿角形结石63例。结果该组116例患者均成功建立通道并行单通道碎石，手术时间为（125．4±30．0）min，一期结石清除率为81.03％（94／116）。术后共有22例残留结石，残留结石直径为12～25 mm。术中9例因出血输尿管软镜无法有效碎石，改行二期碎石；术后出现高热6例，经抗生素治疗后痊愈。术后出现大出血2例，其中1例放置肾造瘘管并夹闭，出血逐渐停止；另1例采用超选择性肾动脉栓塞治愈。结论微通道经皮肾镜结合顺行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角形肾结石具有手术时间短、结石清除率高、创伤小、并发症少、周围脏器损伤风险小等优点，可作为鹿角形肾结石的治疗方法。

Objective To identify the therapeutic effect and safety of mini -percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with antegrade modular flexible ureteroscope for the treatment of staghorn stone.Methods The clinical data of 116 patients with staghorn calculi who underwent mini -percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with antegrade modular flexible ureteroscope were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 116 patients,63 cases were men,53 cases were women .Age ranged from 2 5 to 6 7 years .The diameter ofcalculi ranged from 4 6 to 9 8 （mean =4 6 ）mm .Therenbsp;were 63 large complete staghorn renal calculi in these patients.Results All procedures were performed successfully using a single lithotripsy tract.The mean surgical time was （125.4 ±30.0）minutes.The initial stone -free rate was 81.03%（94 /116）.Twenty -two cases had several residual calculi from 12 to 25mm.Post -procedure complications included hemorrhage in 9 patients,fever（〉38.5 ℃）in four patients,and reactive pleural effusion in one patient. Blood loss requiring transfusion,sepsis,adjacent organ injury and kidney loss were not observed.Conclusion Mini -percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with antegrade modular flexible ureteroscope has good therapeutic effect in treating renal staghorn calculi,since the technique in treating the renal staghorn calculi makes the operation period shorter,the rate of stone -free higher,the operation wounds smaller,the rate of complication lower,the rate of surrounding organ injury less.