清代刑部官员的法律素养

The Officials' Legal Literacy in the Ministry of Punishments in Qing Dynasty

清代刑部官员具有较高的法律素养,这在法史学界已成共识,并有专文论述。但刑部官员的法律知识究竟从何来,达到怎样的水平,尚少具体研究。事实上,囿于科举考试的选拔方式,刑部官员在进入刑部以前很少能接触到法律知识,只有少数官员通过家学渊源在入仕前就曾学习律例。大多数没有律学基础的官员,在进入刑部后"日治案牍夜读律",在实践中学习法律知识,并在刑部内形成了积极的学习风气。刑部官员在读律用律的同时利用工作之便编纂了大量律学著作,使刑部成为法律知识传播的大本营。这些著作在清代法律知识的传播中占有重要地位,是官员、幕友等法律工作者学习法律的教材,也是其他律学著作资料的主要来源。

The officials of the Ministry of Punishments in Qing Dynasty had higher legal literacy,but where the legal knowledge came from and reached what level,it's not clear.In fact,Punishments officials rarely had access to legal knowledge before entering the Ministry of Punishments and only a few officials had learned statutes through the learned family before their careers.While reading and practicing the law,they codified a lot of law books which made the ministry into base camp for dissemination of legal knowledge.These works played an important role at that time.