论晚清中国的准条约

Discuss on the Quasi-treaties in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清中国的准条约是洋务运动发展到一定历史阶段的产物,最初以电信、铁路、开矿等近代工业为内容,与近代化议题密切相关。由于准条约事涉对外经济事务,在外交职责划分并不清晰的晚清时期,企业在很多时候承担起对外交涉的职能,并由此演化出具有自身特色的企业社会责任:政府责任或国家责任。甲午战争以后,尤其是义和团运动后,准条约与近代化密切相关的主题出现了变动,虽然电信、路、矿等准条约依然存在,但政治贷款开始出现,这些为赔偿而举借的贷款于近代化并无益处。晚清政治改革中,清政府设立专门经济管理部门,试图以制度化的努力,将经济剥离于外交事务之外,以保利权。

The quasi-treaty,mainly concerning about the telecommunication,the railway-building and the mining,turned out when the westernization movement had developed to a high level in late Qing dynasty.As the quasi-treaties had relationship with the foreign-related business,the company had to face the foreign affairs and then evolved into the corporate social responsibility( CSR) with its own characteristics:state responsibility.But,the things began to change after the 1895 war.