论第三人撤销之诉制度——以对虚假诉讼的规制与案外人救济为出发点

On the Suit of the Third Party Discharging the Judgment: From Perspective of Regulating Fraud Litigation and Relieving the Third Party

第三人撤销之诉制度的设置目的是规制民事领域里的虚假诉讼现象,为权益受到侵害的案外人提供救济与保障。从法理上看,该制度在我国的确立有其正当性和必要性,引入该制度也是衡量生效裁判稳定与第三人权益救济的结果。但该制度在实践中却存在立法层面、制度自身设置、与其他救济途径的竞合以及与规制虚假诉讼的衔接等方面的问题。本文从价值选择与功能定位、程序顺位与实体基础以及程序设计与制度协调方面提出完善建议,试图为第三人撤销之诉制度的正确实施与功能发挥提供可能的思路。

The purpose of setting up the suit of the third party discharging the judgment is to regulate the fraud litigation in civil cases, and provide reliefs to the third party whose rights are infringed. It is necessary and reasonable to introduce this system into our country. But there are many problems in practice, which lies in legislation, the system construction, the combination with other ways of reliefs, and also the connection with the regulations of fraud litigation. This paper provides some suggestions to improve the system, trying to make the system more helpful and effective.