粮食生产核心区不同类型农户耕地保护的认知与行为

Cognition and Behavior of Different Household on Cultivated Land Protection in Core Area of Grain Production

[目的]剖析粮食生产核心区内不同类型农户参与耕地保护的认知与行为差异,为制定相关差异化政策,引导农户加强对耕地的监督和保护提供支持。[方法]选择粮食生产核心区河南省周口市为样本点,采用分层随机抽样与乡村参与性评估法(PRA)对各类农户参与耕地保护的认知与行为进行调查,运用Logistic回归模型进行影响因素分析。[结果](1)随着受教育程度的提高和兼业程度的加深,各类农户对耕地重要性和多功能性的认识、时间投入偏好、对耕地保护前景的信心、对农业污染的防范都呈现出:缺失型(Ⅰ)<基本型(Ⅱ)<自然资产型(Ⅲ)<人力资产型(Ⅳ),得到补偿后参与意愿、追加补偿到耕地的意愿、定期施用有机肥或采用过测土配方施肥、制止他人破坏耕地的比例都呈现出缺失型(Ⅰ)>基本型(Ⅱ)>自然资产型(Ⅲ)>人力资产型(Ⅳ)。(2)影响各类农户耕地保护行为的因素既存在相同之处也存在各自差异。相同因素包括户主文化程度、投入偏好、补偿意愿。户均年龄高,家庭劳动力少的缺失型农户影响因素还包括户主年龄、务农人数、补偿方式;专门从事农业生产的基本型农户影响因素还包括家庭毛收入、经营土地面积、耕地破碎度;从事短期兼业且非农收入较高的自然资产型农户影响因素还包括非农收入比、粮食种植经济效益、农户兼业;长期居住城镇,较少参与农业生产的人力资产型农户的影响因素还包括耕地经济区位、当期粮食价、政策性补偿方式。[结论]农户作为耕地保护的直接参与者,其认知与行为很大程度决定着耕地保护的成效。

[Objective]To analyze the cognition and behavior of different household in order to provide support for the government policy making and guide farmers to strengthen the supervision and protection of cultivated land.[Methods]This research took Zhoukou City in He＇nan Province as an example,to investigate household＇s cognition and behavior of cultivated land protection by stratified random sampling and participatory rural appraisal（PRA）assessment method.The factors that influence farmer＇s cognition and behavior were studied by using binary Logistic regression models.[Results]（1）With the improvement of education,the cognition of household on the importance of farmland,time investment preferences,confidence in the prospects for the cultivated land protection,and the agricultural pollution prevention showed as：ⅠⅡⅢⅣ.In contrast,the willingness to participate after compensation,regularly using organic fertilizer or soil testing fertilizer,and to prevent other people from destroying the arable land showed as：ⅠⅡⅢⅣ.（2）Some of the factors that influence the behavior of farmers were similar in all types of household,while the others were different.The same factors included education degree,investment preference,willingness to accept compensate.The factors that influence the household with high average age and less labors included age,the number of farmers,and the way of compensation.The factors that influence household specialized in agriculture included family gross income,cultivate area and arable land fragmentation.The factors that influence natural assets household（work short in farming,and high non-farm income）included non-farm income,the economic benefits of grain production.The factors that influence assets type household（living in town and invested less in farming）included cultivated land economic location,the current food prices and policy compensation mode.[Conclusion]As the direct participants of cultivated land protection,household＇s cognition and behavior determines the effectiveness of farmland protection to a large extent.