饮用水基础设施中放射性物质吸附与解吸研究进展

A review on adsorption and decontamination of radiological agents from drinking water infrastructure

随着核能的开发与利用,放射性污染对公众健康、经济、社会产生了显著影响。放射性物质在饮用水基础设施上的吸附引起人们的重视。本文总结了放射性物质在饮用水基础设施上吸附的持久性问题,并在相应的放射性物质去除技术基础上,重点探索了三种代表性放射性元素(铯、锶、钴)在饮用水基础设施上的吸附效应及相应地除污手段。在饮用水系统中,钴通过与铁氧化物和自由氯作用吸附在管壁铁氧化物表面,通过酸化去污技术可以得到有效的清除。锶与铁氧化物的吸附作用不持久,但通过水泥砂浆,可以增强其吸附作用。同时考察了在停滞的饮用水系统中,无流动水体状态下,铯对铁氧化物吸附效应。对饮用水基础设施中放射性物质吸附的发展方向进行了展望。扩大现有铯、锶、钴与其他常见饮用水基础设施的吸附持久性研究,特别是针对吸附于水泥砂浆的研究,进一步探索低p H法及其他可能方法对放射性物质的去除作用是未来的研究重点。

With the development and utilization of nuclear energy,radioactive contamination has imposed great impacts on public health and on socio- economy. The adsorption of radiological agents to drinking water infrastructures is obtaining more and more attention. This paper summarizes the current understanding on the persistence of adsorption of radioactive agents to drinking water infrastructure and explores decontamination options for three important radiological agents（ cesium,strontium and cobalt）,based on know- how on adsorption effects and relevant decontamination methods for radiological agents. In drinking water system,the adsorption of Cobalt is persistent due to its precipitation on iron pipe wall as the result of its reaction with iron oxidants and free chlorine. In that case,acidification is an effective decontamination method. The adsorption of Strontium in tap water is less persistent,but its adsorption is enhanced in cement- mortar system. Adsorption of Cesium is persistent in iron water infrastructure as the water flow is in static state. Future research should focus on expanding know- how on persistent adsorption of Cesium,Strontium and Cobalt to other common infrastructure materials,in particular the cement- mortar. And Low p H treatment is a prospective method for future decontamination studies.