南京国民政府与教师节的演变(1931—1949)

Nanjing National Government and Evolution of Teachers' Day(1931-1949)

1931年,教师群体发起"六六教师节"运动,旨在引起政府与社会重视,改善待遇,初期并未得到政府关注。随着日本侵华的加剧,南京国民政府开始重视教师节,以求将教师群体纳入其抗日轨道。中央政府以支持"良师兴国运动"为契机,开始掌控教师节。1939年,南京国民政府正式将教师节移入孔诞,使其成为官方节日,通过教师节宣传抗战。抗战胜利后,国民政府继续将教师节纳入政治规划,以宣讲三民主义为主,直到其统治在大陆的瓦解。在这一过程中,教师的责任被强调,待遇问题不再被提及。教师节的初始内涵被官方意志取代。

In 1931 the teachers launched a June 6th Teachers＇ Day movement together in order to improve their treatment by attracting the government＇s and society＇s attention. At first, the government didn＇t pay attention to it. With Japan stepping up invasion of China,Nanjing National Government began to value the Teacher＇s Day in order to involve teachers in the anti-Japanese war. It began to control the day by supporting the movement named Good Teachers Revitalizing Nation. The Teacher＇s Day became an official feast when it was implanted into the Confucius＇ birthday in 1939. Anti-Japanese became its theme. After Anti-Japanese War, it continued to be in Nanjing National Government＇s political program where teachers needed to teach students the Three People＇s Principles. In the process, teachers＇ responsibility was emphasized and the treatment was no longer paid attention to by the authority. Its initial connotation was replaced by official will.