清末新政时期意识形态控制制度的变革和演化

On the Ideological Control System Reform and Evolution During the New Deal Period of the Late Qing Dynasty

科举制度、国家祭祀制度、圣谕宣讲制度和旌恤制度是清政府控制民众意识形态的四大主要制度。主要论述上述四大主要意识形态控制制度的变革与演化,同时对清末新政时期意识形态控制制度的变革和演化进行反思,总结出清末意识形态失控的表现,并且分析出清末意识形态失控的原因,即国家无力挽回的持续衰败导致合法性基础的丧失、官方意识形态调整停滞不前和国家控制力过于薄弱。

The imperial examination system, the national sacrificial system, the propaganda system and the compensation system are the main four systems the government of the Qing Dynasty set up to control people＇s ideology. The paper is mainly about the reform and evolution of the four systems during the New Deal Period of the Late Qing Dynasty and reflections on it. Some manifestations that the Qing Dynasty lost control of ideology are presented and the reasons are explained. The reasons include the loss of legitimacy because of the continuous decline of the late Qing Dynasty, the stagnant adjustment of the official ideology and the weak state control.