中国富士苹果种植的气候适宜性研究

Climate suitability for potential Fuji apple cultivation in China

基于中国1981—2010年2084个气象台站资料和203个富士苹果种植区分布的地理数据,利用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型和ArcGIS平台,从物种分布机理与品质两方面研究了影响富士苹果在中国分布的主导气候因子及适宜范围,并对其气候适宜性进行区域划分和评价。结果表明,影响富士苹果在中国分布的主导气候因子有8个,富士苹果地理分布的气候适宜范围分别为年日照时数2000—2500 h、年平均气温7—14℃、≥10℃积温3000—4800℃·d、最冷月平均气温-7—0℃、夏季气温平均日较差8—12℃、年降水量400—800 mm、夏季平均气温20—26℃、夏季平均空气相对湿度60%—78%。中国富士苹果的气候适宜区主要分布在黄土高原、环渤海湾和黄河古道,其中,黄土高原区的陕西、山西和甘肃气候适宜度最高,而山东和河北两省富士苹果规模化种植还有较大发展空间。

The dominant climatic factors affecting Fuji apple cultivation in China are investigated.The climate suitability for various apple species and the quality of apples that grow in different climate regimes are revealed based on observations from2084 meteorological stations during the period from1981 to 2010 and203 geographic sites where Fuji apples are grown in China.The maximum entropy（MaxEnt）model and the ArcGIS spatial analysis technique are applied.Results indicate that eight dominant climate factors can affect the potential distribution of Fuji apple in China,i.e.,annual sunshine hours 2000-2500 h,mean annual temperature 7-14℃,accumulated temperature of no less than 10℃ 3000-4800℃·d,mean temperature of the coldest month-7-0℃,mean daily range of temperature in the summer 8-12℃,annual precipitation400-800 mm,mean temperature in the summer 20-26℃,and mean relative humidity in the summer 60%-78%.The climate suitable for growing Fuji apple in China is mainly found over the Loess Plateau,the regions surrounding Bohai Gulf,and ancient Yellow River.Among these regions,the climate in Shaanxi,Shanxi and Gansu provinces in the Loess Plateau is the best suitable for growing apples,and Shandong and Hebei provinces still have the potential for large-scale cultivation of Fuji apple in the future.