玉米田机械收获、整地对玉米螟虫源基数影响调查研究

Study on effect of machine harvesting and mechanical plowing on cardinal number of Asian maize borer

玉米是黑龙江省第一大粮食作物,2007年以来种植面积一直持续增加,其中2013年、2014年连续两年的种植面积均超过666.7万hm^2,且占全省作物种植总面积50%左右,而2007年以来玉米田采用机械收获及整地的面积也快速增加。在此期间,作为本省玉米生产上为害最严重的害虫—玉米螟的虫源基数却经历了先升后降的过程。试验研究了玉米机收面积比例的上升及机械整地对玉米螟虫源基数的影响。结果显示,玉米田采用机械收获,在机收面积比例达到某个临界值前,其与玉米螟虫源基数显著正相关,在超过临界值后成显著负相关;机械整地对根茬中虫源基数影响较大,整地前后百茬活虫数差异极显著。

Maize was the largest grain crop in Heilongjiang province, and planting area of maize was increasing since 2007 and exceeded 666.7 million hectare in 2013 and 2014, with over 50% crop area ratio in Heilongjiang. Meanwhile machine harvesting and mechanical plowing area were also increasing rapidly. Asian maize borer, which was the most im- portant insect pests against maize in Heilongjiang province, had experienced a rise-fall process in the period. Effect of machine harvesting and mechanical plowing on cardinal number of Asian maize borer was studied. The results showed that correlation between mechanical harvesting area and maize borerJs cardinal number was positive before mechanical har- vesting proportion reached the critical value, while the correlation was negative after the proportion reached the critical value. Mechanical plowing had strong effects on the cardinal number, which showed significant difference between the number of live insect in 100 stubbles in the soil before and after mechanical plowing.