北京市昌平区南口镇农村社区不同糖代谢人群饮食摄入量与构成比

Dietary intake and energy ratio of rural community habitants with different glucose metabolism disorders in Nankou Town,Changping District,Beijing

目的探讨北京市昌平区南VI镇农村社区不同糖代谢人群饮食摄入量与构成比的特点。方法在2014年3月至2015年1月间，对《北京农村社区2型糖尿病管理模式的建立》项目的人群进行2h75g口服葡萄糖粉的葡萄糖耐量试验及饮食调查。排除既往类固醇药物及降糖降脂药物使用者及合并严重心脑血管、肝肾疾病者，共得到485例完整数据（糖耐量异常187例，2型糖尿病129例，正常169例）。结果糖尿病组豆乳类摄入量高于IGT组（P〈0．05），干豆类高于正常组和IGT组（P〈0．05）；正常组薯类和鱼类摄入量高于IGT组（P〈0．05），谷类则小于IGT组（P〈0．05）；3组受试者共同比较，各种宏量营养素的摄入量及供能比差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；3组人群动植物食物的摄入量、粗粮和膳食纤维的摄入量差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论单纯的饮食改变可能不是农村糖尿病发病率增加的主要原因。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of dietary intake and energy ratio of people with different glucose metabolism disorders living in rural areas of Changping District, Beijing. Methods From March 2014 to January 2015, the people who took part in the project ＂The Building of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus （T2DM） Management Mode in Beijing Rural Community＂ were given 75-gram, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, and investigated for the amounts and compositions of their dietary. Those who taking steroid, hypoglycemic or lipid-lowering drugs and those with severe cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or liver and kidney diseases were excluded. There were 485 eligible subjects with complete data enrolled in this study, including 187 cases of impaired glucose tolerance, 129 of T2DM, and 169 of normal tolerance. Results The intake amounts of bean and milk were higher in the T2DM group than in IGT group （P 〈 0.05 ）. The intake amounts of dried legumes and legume products were higher in the T2DM group than in normal tolerance and IGT groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. Compared with IGT group, normal tolerance group had higher intake of tubers, starches and products and fish, shellfish and mollusk （ P 〈 0.05 ）, but had lower intake of cereals and cereal products （ P 〈 0.05 ）. There were no significant differences in the amounts of macronutrients and energy ratio among the three groups （ P 〉 0.05 ）. No obvious differences were seen in the intake amounts of the foods from animals and plants, and whole grains and dietary fiber among the 3 groups （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion Simple dietary change may not be the main cause for increase of the incidence of diabetes in rural area.