森林色彩三要素独立变化对观赏效应的影响

Aesthetic Effects of Individual Variation of Three Forest Color Elements

色彩是色相（H）、纯度（S）、明度（B）三要素的组合,森林色彩研究中通常采用这个组合指标,但缺乏对三要素独立效应的深入认识。文中以典型森林色彩景观图片为基础,在画面形象固定不变的前提下,设置色相、纯度、明度色彩三要素变化梯度,开展单因素控制试验,研究分析色彩三要素独立变化的观赏效应。结果表明：色相、纯度、明度色彩单因素变化与观赏效应的相关性均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）。观赏性随色彩单因素的变化遵循二次曲线（R2〉0.8321）分布,三要素梯度序列中存在观赏性最佳的图片——基准图片。随着处理水平不断偏离中央基准状态,观赏性不断降低,且明度、纯度向降低方向,色相往偏紫方向变化,引起的观赏效应降低更为显著。色彩三要素中影响效果最显著的是明度变化,其次为纯度,最后为色相,明度的影响约是色相的3.25倍、纯度的1.34倍。色彩三要素的最佳观赏范围为：色相22°-226°,纯度35%-70%,明度37%-78%。基准图片所带来的观赏感受最舒适,向绿色方向变化的图片给人以宁静、冷淡之感,向紫色方向变化给人以神秘、华丽和兴奋之感。

Abstract： Color is combination of three elements of hue （H）, saturation （S）, and brightness （B）. This combined indicators are commonly adopted in the research on forest color and however there is no thorough study on the individ- ual effects from the three elements. The study carried out the individual element control experiments by using typical forest color landscape pictures and setting up gradients of variation of H, S and B on the precondition that there is no change of the base, with the aim to analyze the aesthetic effects of the individual variation of the three elements of col- or. The resuhs showed that aesthetic value is significantly correlated （P 〈 0. 01 ） to the changes of individual color elements of H, S and B. Aesthetic value is correlated linearly with individual color element change via quadratic curve （R2 〉0. 8321）, and a best aesthetic image, i. e. , base image, is obtained from the ordering of the gradi- ents of three color elements ; further processing shows that aesthetic value gradually degrades if any color element va- ries from the base image. The degradation is more noticeable, and when brightness and saturation are lowered, and hue goes toward purple. Of the three color elements, brightness affects aesthetic value the most, followed by saturation and hue. Brightness has the effect approximately 3. 25 times of hue and 1. 25 times of purity. For the best aesthetic value the three elements of color should fall in the following ranges of hue 22- 22%, saturation 35% - 70% and brightness 37%-78%. The base image brings the most comfortable visual effect. The images with more green bring people with calm and serenity, while those with more purple are visually more mystical, magnificent and stimulating.