梁思成《中国建筑史》对伊东忠太的超越——兼评《梁思成与他的时代》

Liang Sicheng and His A History of Chinese Architecture That Exceeds Itō Chūta's Scholarship A Related Book Review of Liang Sicheng and His Era

以伊东忠太《中国建筑史》为参考系,探讨梁思成早期中国建筑史研究,指出:伊东忠太的建筑史观起于对法古孙、弗莱彻等的批判,但并没有摆脱他所批判的西方学者著作的影响;史学方法上,缺少史料的考订,多凭主观臆测;其"以今日之建筑律三千年前之建筑",存在重大缺陷。梁思成的《中国建筑史》是建立在近代实证史学基础上,他的木构本体论,缘于对中国营造演进过程中自身内在理路的观察,并非来自法国结构理性主义;其建筑史观,在历史发展动力上,受进化史观的影响,与温克尔曼的艺术发展观无关;在中国建筑认识上,与物质史观暗合。

This paper uses Ito Chuta＇s A History of Chinese Architecture as the reference system to examine Liang Sicheng＇s research on Chinese architectural history, stating that It6 Cheta＇s historical view originated from criticism to Western historians such as James Fergnsson, Banister Fletcher, etc., however he failed to exceed Western scholarship. Methodologically, Ito＇s research consists of fundamental defects due to subjective deduction in the place of delicate archival work to picture architecture 3000 years ago on the basis of the situations of Qing dynasty. On the other hand, Liang Sicheng＇s A History of Chinese Architecture was based on Chinese positivist historiography. Liang＇s ontological theory of timber structure resulted from his observation of the innate laws of evolutionary process of Chinese traditional architecture, instead of French structural rationalism. His historical view was influenced by evolutionary historical perspective. Liang＇s historical view was influenced by Darwinist evolutionary theory that echoes to materialistic view concerning the study of Chinese architectural history, with nothing to do with Wincketmann＇s idea of artistic development.