试论18世纪到19世纪早期英国城市景观与英国自然风景园的内在同一性以巴斯、爱丁堡和伦敦的城市景观规划为例

Discussion on the Intrinsic Consistency of the Urban Landscape and the British Landscape Gardens in the 18th Century——Taking the Urban Landscape Planning in Bath, Edinburgh and London as Examples

工业革命带来了城市的发展,也涌现了诸多矛盾和弊病,城市尺度不再宜人,渐渐远离了自然和乡村。人们逃离城市生活的愿望和对自然的向往愈发强烈。在此背景下,规划者将风景园的规划手法从乡村引入了城市,试图营造一种充满乡村田园气息的风景。本文通过英国巴斯景观规划、爱丁堡新区规划和伦敦摄政规划3个城市景观规划案例,论述18世纪到19世纪早期英国城市景观与英国自然风景园之间的内在同一性。

The Industrial Revolution strengthened the urban rapid development, and also brought some contradictions and drawbacks. The city scale is no longer pleasant, having gradually been away from the natural and rural areas. The desire of people to escape from the urban life and longing for nature become more and more intense. With this background, planners had introduced the planning approach of British landscape gardens from the countryside into the city, trying to create a landscape full of rural scenery. This paper, through the cases of Bath landscape planning, new area planning of Edinburgh and London Regent Planning, discusses the intrinsic consistency of the British urban landscape and the English landscape gardens in the 18th century to early 19^th century.