中国早期土坯建筑发展概述

Development Overview of the Early Chinese Adobe Buildings

土坯是中国古代聚落建设中的重要建筑材料，主要用于土台、房址和墓葬。在建筑材料中的地位也仅次于木材和石板。由于土坯墓是墓葬形制的一种，因此土坯墓暂不列为本文讨论的土坯建筑中。从这个方面讲中国最早的土坯建筑发现于铜石并用时代早期，绝对年代约公元前3500～公元前2500年。

Adohe building is an important architectural form in ancient Chinese settlements. The embryonic form built by burning clods and the mature form buih by adobe influenced by the technique of earth wall appeared since the early period of the Chalcolithic Age （3500 B.C.-2500 B.C.）. The East China adopted the form of adobe buildings throughout the periods of Chalcolilhic and Bronze Age, and formed the Eastern adobe-construction technical system with unique local characteristics, and also formed the core area of adobe buildings distributed in northern Henan and southern Hebei Province in the late period of Chalcolithic Age. Adobe buildings appeared in West China during the Bronze Age, and formed the Western adobe-constnlction technical system by absorbing the adobe construction techniques from Central Asia and combining with the local earth wall building technique.