柴油加氢改质装置催化剂烧结原因分析

Cause analysis of catalyst sintering of diesel upgrading unit

中石油克拉玛依石化有限责任公司1.2 Mt/a柴油加氢改质装置反应器催化剂床层在正常运行过程中存在热点温度,第四床层后精制剂床层出口的径向温差15~20℃,严重影响装置日常平稳操作以及产品质量。通过分析改质反应器催化剂床层出现热点温度以及催化剂烧结的原因,发现原料性质变化、循环氢压缩机故障、人为误操作、催化剂装填、反应器卸料管的设计缺陷等都会对催化剂床层温度分布产生影响,造成催化剂飞温、烧结等现象。采取催化剂床层卸料管口封堵、控制装剂质量、操作中稳定原料配比、加强循环氢压缩机的维护及加强人员操作技术水平等措施后,催化剂各床层温差不超过5℃,取得较好的效果,确保了装置的长周期安全平稳运行。

The catalyst bed in the reactor of the 1. 2 MM TPY diesel hydro-upgrading unit of Petro China Karamay Petrochemical Company experienced hot spot in normal operation. The axial temperature difference at the outlet of refining catalyst bed after 4th bed was 15 ~ 20 ℃ which seriously affected the normal stable operation of the unit and product quality. The analysis of hot spot in the catalyst bed of reactor and catalyst sintering found that the variations of feedstock properties,accident of recycle hydrogen compressor,wrong operation,inappropriate catalyst loading,design defects of unloading pipe of reactor,etc would affect the temperature distribution of catalyst bed. After blocking of outlet of catalyst unloading pipe in catalyst bed,control of catalyst loading,stabilization of feedstock proportion and strengthening of maintenance of recycle hydrogen compressor and improvement of operation of operators,etc.,the differential temperature of catalyst beds was no greater than 5 ℃. Good results have been achieved,and long-term stable safe operation of the unit has been ensured.