“积极和平主义”背景下日本ODA政策的调整与影响

Adjustment and Influence of Japan's ODA Policy under the Background of “Active Pacifism ”

在"积极和平主义"理念的指导下,日本的ODA政策进行了大幅度的调整,呈现出由"经济开发型"向"战略支持型"转变之势。新一轮调整在援助目的上更加注重对日本外交、安保的支持效应,在援助领域上解除了对支援他国军队的限制,在援助对象上突破了发展中国家的界限,更看重对日本具有战略意义的国家。安倍政府此轮调整的主要战略考量是,基于ODA自身战略功能的扩大,从而使之服务于日本"正常国家"化的战略目标,并配合美国"亚太再平衡"战略来制衡中国。对于中国而言,日本更具针对性的ODA增加了周边外交的复杂性和"一带一路"建设中的竞争压力,需要通过树立亲疏远近的外交意识,打造援助—投资范例和适度扩大军事援助来进行积极应对。

Under the guidance of'active pacifism'concept,Japan's ODA policy has adjusted a lot,showing the trend of development from'economic development'to'strategic support'. The new round of adjustment paid more attention to supporting the Japanese diplomacy and security,relieving the limitation of supporting foreign troops. And the aid object has been beyond the developing world,emphasizing countries which have strategic significance to Japan. The major strategic considerations of this round of adjustment are as follows:expanding ODA's strategic function,service for Japan's'normal country'strategic objectives,and counterbalance to China with U.S.'Asia-Pacific rebalancing'strategy. For China,Japan's targeted ODA increases the complexity of the neighboring diplomacy and the pressure of competition during the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. China needs to set up diplomatic consciousness of closeness and non-closeness,create several models through aid & investment,and moderately expand military aid.