近代铁路通行与华北地区的农村移民

The Opening of Contemporary Railways and Rural Migration in North China

近代铁路通行之前,华北地区农民在遭受天灾人祸时,经常会有组织或自发地向资源禀赋较好的周边省份或地方移民,且主要是以农民在灾难来临时的离村谋生为基本特征。近代铁路的通行,不仅为华北农村的移民提供了更多交通线路的选择,同时也使之进行中长距离和大规模的移民成为可能,其中长距离的省际移民较前具有更明显的永久性移民特征。华北地区各省移往外地的农民,在移民过程中对迁入地和职业均具有规律性的选择。近代华北地区农村移民的广泛发生,虽是当地农村的社会经济转型、价值观念转变、传统文化式微等诸因素共同作用的结果,但近代铁路的通行却在其中起到了举足轻重的催化作用。

Before modern railways were opened,farmers in North China,when facing natural disasters,often migrated in an organized or spontaneous way to nearby provinces or places with with better resource endowment for temporary livelihood. The construction of modern railways not only provided more traffic route choices for famers in this region,but also made longer- distance,larger- scaled and permanent migration possible. The farmers' occupational choice in the target place also exhibits the feature of regularity. Although the widely occurring rural migration in the modern North China was the joint result of the conversion of local rural social economy,changes in social values,as well as the renaissance of the traditional culture,the catalytic role played by modern railways cannot be neglected.