汉语保留宾语被动句的生成机制及其分类的理论意义

Chinese Passive Constructions with Retained Objects:Generative Mechanism and Theoretical Significance of Classifications

传统语法对保留宾语被动句的研究集中在分类和描写方面(吕叔湘1965),但仅仅关注语料而缺乏理论分析不能全面揭示语言现象的内在生成机制。依据语言学理论分析(Wray2002;Croft&Cruse 2006;Chomsky 2008),文章认为,汉语保留宾语被动句的生成是两种操作程序相辅相成使然:1)存储于心理词库中的预制语块;2)依据推导程序生成规范句型。据此把汉语保留宾语被动句区分为习语型和规范型两类既符合不同语言学理论的断言,也与传统语法研究的描述一致,而且也具备一定的语言经验基础。本人认为,汉语句法研究应该兼容并蓄,基于使用频率的用法理论和基于推导程序的生成语法都有助于揭示语言机制的协调运作是如何实现的。

The traditional research on passive constructions with retained objects( PCROs) features classification and description. However,merely focusing on linguistic data without theoretical analysis does no good to revealing the internal generative mechanism of linguistic phenomena. Based on different linguistic theories( Wray 2002; Croft & Cruse 2006; Chomsky 2008),the mechanism for generating PCROs comprises two complementary procedures: the store- up of pre-fabricated chunks in the mental lexicon and the derivational procedures generating canonical structures. On this view,the analysis of PCROs reveals that the division of PCROs into idiomatic type and canonical type is in full accordance with the theoretical claims and the traditional descriptions. The standard syntactic tests further confirm that such a division indicates some indicates some fundamental differences between these two types of PCROs. This article proposes that the grammar research in Chinese should take into consideration the complementarity of different theories and be aware that usage- based research and procedure-based research can both contribute to revealing the systematic coordination of the language faculty.