高水平短跑运动员速度耐力训练特征探究——以清华大学男子短跑队为例

Characteristics of Speed Endurance Training of Elite Sprinters:A Case Study of Tsinghua University Men Sprinters

运用文献资料调研、问卷调查、实地跟踪和数理统计等方法,以清华大学男子短跑队为例,从理论和实践两个层面对高水平短跑运动员的速度耐力训练特征进行了研究。结果显示：1）在＂以长带短＂训练理念的指导下,清华大学男子短跑队非常重视运动员的速度耐力训练,其速度耐力训练量明显高于国内其他男子短跑队;2）清华大学男子短跑队的速度耐力训练以200 m和300 m段落的高强度间歇训练为主,训练强度均在80%-95%MSS之间,两者的组内间歇时间分别为2 min和7 min;3）通常情况下,清华大学男子短跑队的速度耐力训练课会按照＂最大速度＋速度耐力＋低强度有氧或放松练习＂的序列进行安排;4）从一般准备期到赛前直接准备期,清华大学男子短跑队速度耐力训练负荷的变化特征是：练习距离逐渐缩短,练习强度逐渐升高,间歇时间逐渐延长,重复次数则逐渐下降,训练频率也略有减少,总练习距离显著减少。

Through the methodology of literature review,questionnaires,field work and mathematical statistics,this paper,based on a case study of Tsinghua University Men Sprinters（ THUMS）,explored the characteristics of speed endurance training of elite sprinters. The results show that： 1） THUMS attached great importance to speed endurance training with the guidance of improving sprint performance by increasing the training volume of 200 m to 500 m distance,the speed endurance training volume of which was significantly higher than other sprinters; 2） THUMS developed sprinters＇ speed endurance mainly by HIT of 200 m and 300 m distance,the training intensity of which was 80% to 95% MSS and the training interval of both were 2 minutes and 7 minutes,respectively; 3） Generally,THUMS designed the speed endurance training session according to the training sequences of ＂maximal speed ＋ speed endurance ＋ aerobic endurance＂; 4） From general preparation phase to pre- competition phase,the change characteristics of THUMS ＇speed endurance training loads were that distance,repetition and frequency decreased gradually while intensity and interval increased gradually.