四药门花(Loropetalum subcordatum)的生态生物学特性研究

The ecological and biological characteristics of Loropetalum subcordatum

四药门花(Loropetalum subcordatum Benth)是金缕梅科常绿灌木或小乔木,是中国特有、残遗的单种属植物。通过研究广东中山的四药门花种群所在的群落、土壤特征以及叶片形态解剖特征,结果表明:四药门花生长于山谷溪流旁的次生常绿阔叶林中,其土壤为肥沃的富含腐殖质赤红壤,其伴生种类主要有山油柑(Acronychia pedunculata)、红花八角(Illicium dunnianum)、岭南山竹子(Garcinia oblongifolia)、鼠刺(Itea chinensis)、光叶红豆(Ormosia glaberrima)、铁榄(Sinosideroxylon wightianum)等,群落的Shannon-Wiener指数为2.022,Pielou均匀度指数为0.094,生态优势度指数为5.072。该种群幼年及成年个体数较少,呈不稳定结构。叶片解剖学特征显示其为中生性植物种类。为了保护和利用好这个珍稀濒危植物,建议在加强就地保育的同时,通过扦插的方式保育该种群所有个体的遗传多样性,开展回归试验并进行种苗商品化生产。

Loropetalurn subcordatum is an evergreen shrub or small tree species of Hamamelidaceae. It is an endemic and relict species in China. The species is facing extinction because of its small number of individuals, its reproductive obstacles and illegal moving for landscape. Loropetalum subcordatum grows nearby the valley stream under a secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest in lateritic red soil with rich humus. The species associated include Acronychia pedunculata, Illicium dunnianum, Garcinia oblongifolia, Itea chinensis, Ormosia glaberrima and Sinosideroxylon wightianum etc. The Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou evenness index, and the ecological dominance index of this community are 2.022, 0.094, and 5.072, respectively. Loropetalum subcordatum population has less juvenile and adult individuals, which means it is unstable structure. The leaf anatomical features show that it is mesophytic plant. We recommend an integrated conservation plan for this species： strengthening in situ conservation, establishing （with the aid of cuttage） an ex situ living collection that contains the entire genetic diversity of the wild population, facilitating propagation for commercial use, and implementing augmentation and translocation.