2000—2010年中国城市空间形态紧凑度变化特征分析

Urban compactness changes in China from 2000 to 2010

紧凑城市作为一种缓解城市无序蔓延,高效利用土地资源和交通能源的一种可持续的城市形态,对于处于快速城市化进程中的中国具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。主要以我国35个案例城市为研究对象,利用遥感数据和统计资料,完成了我国城市空间形态紧凑度变化特征分析。研究表明,近十年来我国城市建成区扩展呈加速趋势,城市建设用地扩展的弹性系数的均值为2.27,可见快速城市化进程中建设用地的效率偏低;与此同时,城市建设用地标准化紧凑度指数的均值由2000年的0.1298降低至2010年的0.1177,城市空间形态紧凑度略有下降,城市空间扩展整体上以外延式扩展为主。

The compact city is generally considered to be a sustainable urban form, and is suitable to relieve the tensions caused by the disorderly urban sprawling. It is of critical importance to keep the harmony and efficiency in the intensive use of urban land resource, transportation and energy, and the compact city has important practical and theoretical values for a quickly urbanized China. In this study, the urban forms of total 35 case cities in China were analyzed. The results showed that the coefficient of elasticity of urban expansion between 2002 and 2007 was 2.27, which was much higher compared with the general level of 1.12, indicating inefficient use of built-up area under rapid urbanization. Based on the remote sensing interpretation and normalized compactness index （NCI） calculation, it showed that the average of NCI indices of case cities exhibited decreasing compactness trends with the change of 0.1298 to 0.1177 from 2000 to 2010, indicating that the case cities were featured by a leaping growth development mode. We proposed that the compact city pattern should be prioritized in China major cities to achieve intensified and efficient utilization of urban land space.