分子生物学技术在海洋环境监测中的应用

Applications of molecular biological techniques in marine environmental monitoring

我国海域面积辽阔,为保护海洋环境,维持海洋经济可持续发展,必须提高海洋环境监测能力。迅速发展的分子生物学技术作为一种有力手段能运用于海洋环境监测。论文概述了多种分子生物学技术方法(PCR、克隆文库、变形梯度凝胶电泳、环介导等温扩增、实时定量PCR、限制性片段长度多态性、核酸探针和基因芯片等)在鉴定海洋生物、评价海洋微生物安全、发现生物入侵种和评估海洋污染物的生态效应等方面的运用。期望为全面了解分子生物学技术并为海洋环境监测的合理应用提供理论借鉴。

It is essential to improve the ability of marine environmental monitoring aiming at conserving the wide marine environment and maintaining the sustainable development of marine economy in China. The powerful molecular biological techniques have been developed rapidly and used successfully in marine environmental monitoring. In this review, a range of molecular tools, including PCR, clone library, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, loop-mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP）, real-time PCR （qPCR）, restrictive fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）, oligonucleotide probes,microarray, etc., have been discussed and applied in the identification of marine organism, the safety evaluation of marine micro-organism, the detection of invasive species and the ecological effect assessment of marine pollutant. The purpose of this review is to understand the molecular biological techniques comprehensively and provide a theoretical guide for their applications in marine environmental monitoring.