深水水上防喷器钻井技术的水下断开系统及应用

Sub Disconnect System of Surface Blowout Preventer and Application

由于第五、六代钻井平台昂贵的日费以及保养成本,深水水上防喷器(Surface Blowout Preventer,SBOP)钻井技术得到了广泛应用。其中,水下断开系统(Subsea Disconnect System,SDS)是深水SBOP钻井中的关键技术之一。通过量化风险评估理论(A Quantitative Risk Assessment,QRA)对SBOP系统的现场应用进行了风险评估,并根据潜在风险的风险值来设计水下断开系统的结构尺寸,以保证钻进过程中的安全与高效。研究了水下断开系统的控制系统的工作原理、信号传递方式和现场应用情况。结果表明:控制系统是水下断开系统的核心,更加快捷和方便的信号传递方式以及处理事故方法是以后研究的关键;大尺寸的闸板可以在一定程度上保证高压隔水管不被折断以及保证井口稳定性;不同海洋环境载荷下,应使用不同尺寸的闸板。

The surface blowout preventer(SBOP)has been widely applied due to the expensive and maintain cost of fifth or sixth generation rig.Among them,Subsea Disconnect System(SDS)is one of the key technologies of deepwater drilling.To ensuring the safety and efficiency in the process of drilling,designing size through A Quantitative Risk Assessment(QRA)which used in risk assessment on field application of SBOP and the potential risk value;researching the operating principle,signal transmission mode and field applications about control system of Subsea Disconnect System.It turns out that,control system is the core of SDS.More fast and convenient way of signal transmission and processing method of accident is the key to the future research.Large size of the ram can guarantee that the high pressure marine riser is not broken and the stability of the wellhead;Different size of ram should be used in different ocean environment loads.