重庆市濒危语言活力研究——重庆市酉阳土家族苗族自治县个案分析

Study on the Vigor of Endangered Language in Chongqing——A Case Study of Youyang County in Chongqing

重庆市是我国拥有少数民族的直辖市,辖区内有五个土家族、苗族少数民族自治区域。由于历史、经济等原因,土家语、苗语等少数民族语言在逐渐消失。其中,土家语已处于濒危状态。目前,在酉阳土家族苗族自治县、秀山土家族苗族自治县还有部分人会说土家语。2015年,课题组对酉阳土家族苗族自治县酉酬镇、酉水河镇、可大乡三个土家语者聚居区进行田野调查。根据调查结果,按照联合国教科文组织《语言活力与语言濒危》文件中制定的指标对土家语的语言活力进行分析,对这一重庆市濒危语言的语言活力等级进行共时性评估。

Among the four municipalities directly under the central government of China, Chongqing is the one to have minorities, which has five Tujia and Miao minority autonomous regions. Due to the historical, economic and some other reasons, Tujia lan-guage and Miao language are disappearing, and the Tujia language has become an endangered language. At present, only a small group of people can speak Tujia language in the area of Youyang County and Xiushan County. According to the endangered lan-guage fieldwork in the towns of Youchou, Youshui River, and Keda, this essay aims to assess the vitality and endangerment of Tujia language with the help of the norms and criteria set in the United Nation’s document “Language Vitality and Endanger-ment”. The result shows that Tujia language in Chongqing is in a serious danger.