镜鉴与反思:美国竞技体育发展中的政府治理及其困境

Reflection on the government governance and dilemma in the development of competitive sports in the United States

运用文献资料法、历史分析法、逻辑分析法等,对美国竞技体育发展中的政府治理方式及困境进行研究。美国竞技体育发展中的政府治理方式,具体表现为对职业竞技体育系统和业余竞技体育系统的法制治理方式、间接性体育融资治理方式、非体育职能部门和地方政府协作式的体育服务治理方式,这些治理方式对推动美国竞技体育的逐渐成长起到了关键作用。美国竞技体育发展进程中政府治理仍然面临着诸多危机,主要表现为美国社会结构的裂变加速着美国民众竞技体育发展机会的不平等趋势;"美国例外主义"的优越性思维惯性促使美国竞技体育发展模式的自恋与恋金;美国政府决策机制有其先进性但也存在诸如偏向于上层利益集团进而导致全民体育权利整体受损等弊端。

By using the methods of literature,historical analysis and logical analysis,the government governance and the predicament in the development of competitive sports in the United States are studied.First,the paper analyzes and summarizes the government administration modes in the de-velopment of competitive sports,including the legal governance on the professional and amateur sports systems,indirect sports financing management,cooperative sports service governance between non-administrative departments and local governments,which all have played a key role in promo-ting the development of American competitive sports;however,the government administration on sports is still faced with many crises,such as the inequality trends of opportunity for the public to participate in competitive sports as a result of American social structure fission,the narcissism and reward-oriented mode of competitive sports development pattern driven by American inertia of thinking ＂exceptionalism＂;though the United States government decision -making mechanism is advanced,there is much favor for the upper interest group so that the public＇s sports rights are dam-aged.Finally,it points out some problems that need to be solved in the governance of Chinese com-petitive sports.