湿地生态保护和补偿机制探讨——以洪湖湿地为例

Study on Wetland Ecological Protection and Compensation Mechanism——Take Honghu Lake as an Example

建立和实施湿地生态补偿机制是加强湿地保护的战略性措施和协调各方利益的有效形式。通过归纳和评价洪湖湿地生态保护与补偿实践,以及从湖区小范围试点到大规模铺开的三个阶段的主要做法、成效、特点和存在的问题,提出了具体的政策建议。强调了建设初期的政府责任、生态环境破坏者赔偿机制、基于社区参与的决策机制、基于生态保护成本和发展机会成本为最低依据的补偿标准、保护与合理利用相结合,以及通过产业发展和就业培训促进渔民转产等观点。

It is a strategic measure and effective form to enhance wetland protection and coordinate the in-terests of all stakeholders.This study reviews the three main stages of Honghu wetland ecological protec-tion and compensation practices and summaries its characteristics,effectiveness and problems.The policy suggestions have also been proposed,which focus on the following opinions such as government’s main responsibility,the payment system by environmental vandals,decision-making mechanism based on com-munity participation,the minimum compensation standards based on protection costs and development op-portunity cost,sustainable utilization,and reduction of the fishermen ’s relying on the wetland through training and industry development.