基于遗传算法的客运电力机车耐撞性优化设计

Optimization on electric passenger locomotive crashworthiness design based on genetic algorithm

针对国内某新造客运电力机车,根据厂家实际需求,设计一组车辆端部吸能结构特性曲线,实现机车在25 km/h的碰撞速度下,有序而可控吸能,优化头部主吸能结构的变形长度。基于列车纵向多刚体碰撞动力学模型,构建以D1(头部主吸能结构的变形量)作为目标参数,x1(头部变形吸能元件塑变平台力),x2(头部主吸能结构塑变平台力)和x3(重联端压溃管塑变平台力)为设计变量,d2(重联端压溃管行程)为约束条件的优化模型。采用遗传算法直接对优化模型进行整体寻优,得到端部吸能结构特性曲线的最优形式。研究结果表明:当x1=1.615 MN,x2=3.130 MN,x3=1.999 MN时,头车主吸能结构的变形长度可缩短至0.178 m,机车满足耐撞性要求,研究结果可用于指导机车的耐撞性设计。

In order to ensure a new electric passenger locomotive absorbs energy in a regular and controllable way at the collision speed of 25 km / h,a set of vehicle end energy-absorbing structure characteristic curves were designed and the deformation length of the head main energy-absorbing structure was optimized according to the actual demands of the manufacturers.The optimization model of objective parameter(compression value D1 of main energy-absorbing structure in locomotive head) and design variables(plastic deformation platform force of collapse tube in locomotive head x1,plastic deformation platform force of main energy-absorbing structure in locomotive head x2,plastic deformation platform force of collapse tubes in reconnection end x3) were built under the constraint condition(compression value of the collapse tube in reconnection end d2).The optimal absorbing structure characteristic curves were obtained by the optimization model using genetic algorithm(GA) directly.The study indicated that when D1 reached the minimum value 0.178 m,x1= 1.615 MN,x2= 3.130 MN and x3= 1.999 MN.Also,the locomotive meets the crashworthiness requirements.The results are helpful to guide the crashworthiness design of locomotive.