中国成年人的体育锻炼、静态行为流行状况、趋势及影响因素

Status,Trends and Influencing Factors of Adult Physical Exercise and Sedentary Behavior in China

为深入分析我国成年居民体育锻炼与静态行为的状况、变化趋势及影响因素,对2004—2011年中国健康与营养调查数据进行系统研究。结果显示:1)我国城乡成年居民经常性参与体育锻炼的比例较低,其中农村女性参与最少;2)成年人花费在静态行为方面的时间约为每天3.5h,其中电视观看占据2/3;3)7年间体育锻炼及平均静态行为时间都呈上升趋势,电脑使用等屏前静态行为上升较快;4)与体育锻炼、静态行为正向关联的社会人口学因素有年龄、收入和教育水平,而负向因素有居住在农村、已婚/离异等、女性(静态行为)、其他民族(体育锻炼)。结论:我国成年人较低经常性体育锻炼参与率与较长人均静态行为时间并存,建议促进农村贫困地区及教育水平较低人群经常性体育锻炼的同时,减少经济发达地区及受教育水平较高人群的静态行为。

In order to deeply analyze the status,trends and influencing factors of physical exercise and sedentary behavior of adult residents in China,a systematic study was conducted on the data of Chinese health and Nutrition Survey in 2004—2011.The result shows that 1） In China,the proportion of adult residents in urban and rural residents to participate in physical exercise is low,among which the rural women＇s participation is the least.2） Adult spending in the sedentary behavior of the time is about 3.5 h per day,with TV viewing occupy 2/3.3） 7 years of physical exercise and the average sedentary behavior time is on the rise,the use of computers and other sedentary behavior rose faster.4） With physical exercise,sedentary behavior positively associated sociodemographic factors are age,income and education levels,while the negative factors are living in rural,married and divorced,women（sedentary）,other nations （physical exercise）.It concludes that the sedentary behavior of adult lower regular physical exercise participation rate coexist with longer per capita the sedentary behavior of the time in China,the recommendations to promote rural poverty area and a lower level of education crowds often physical training at the same time,reduce the economic developed regions and education level higher population of sedentary behavior.