残疾青少年体力活动水平及其与运动自我效能的关系:基于加速度计的初步研究

Physical Activity Levels and Exercise Self-efficacy in Adolescents with Disability:A Preliminary Study Using Accelerometry

以加速度计客观测量残疾青少年体力活动水平并分析其与运动自我效能的关系。方法:某特殊教育学校初一至高三的120名聋障及智障学生自愿参加本研究。研究对象体力活动水平以ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计测量,依据针对中国儿童、青少年确定的加速度计数界值计算其低强度体力活动(LPA)及中高强度体力活动(MVPA)时间。研究对象在教师的辅助下完成运动自我效能量表,并测试身高、体重等一般情况数据。以描述性统计分析研究对象平均每天LPA及MVPA时间及其在上学日、周末日的分布。运动自我效能与体力活动的关系采用控制年龄、性别、残疾类型3因素的偏相关分析进行统计。结果:58名提供了完整测试数据的研究对象(男生34人,女生24人;平均年龄(14.71±3.20)岁)被纳入数据分析。研究对象平均每天LPA及MVPA时间分别为(152.56±40.94)min/d及(30.28±13.19)min/d,仅有1.7%(男生2.9%,女生0%)达到世界卫生组织的体力活动推荐量(60min/d MVPA),男生、女生周末日MVPA时间均低于上学日。偏相关分析显示,运动自我效能与研究对象周末日LPA及MVPA均呈正相关,而与上学日体力活动水平无关。结论:我国残疾青少年体力活动水平极低,尤以周末为著,提升残疾青少年运动自我效能可能有助于提高其周末日体力活动水平。

The purposes of this study were to objectively assess physical activity levels of adolescents with disability using accelerometry,and to investigate the association of physical activity and exercise self-efficacy.Methods：Participants of this study were 120 students with impaired hearing and intellectual disabilities recruited from grades 7-12 of a special education school.Physical activity levels of participants were measured by ActiGraph GT3X＋ accelerometers.Time spent in light （LPA） and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity （MVPA） was calculated based on the cut-off points developed for Chinese youth.With the assistance of teachers,participants completed the exercise self-efficacy scale and body height and weight measurement.Descriptive statistics were conducted to analyze the daily LPA and MVPA time and its distribution on weekdays and weekend days.Partial correlation analysis were performed to examine the relationship between physical activity and exercise self-efficacy controlling for age,gender,and type of disability.Results：58 participants （male students=34,female students=24,average age=14.71±3.20 years） who provided valid data were included in data analysis.Participants accrued 152.56±40.94 min/d of LPA and 30.28±13.19 min/d MVPA,respectively,with only 1.7% of whom （male 2.9%,female 0%） achieving the 60min/d MVPA recommended by WHO.Both male and female students do less MVPA on weekend days than on weekdays.Partial correlation analysis indicate that exercise self-efficacy is positively associated with LPA and MVPA on weekend days but not on weekdays.Conclusions：Physical activity levels of adolescents with disability in China are extremely low,especially on weekend days.Increasing exercise self-efficacy of adolescents with disability may facilitate the promotion of their physical activity levels on weekend days.