性别、体重及气温对鹅肥肝重的影响

Effect of Gender,Body Weight and Temperature on Goose Fatty Liver Weight

本研究通过填饲试验研究体重、性别对鹅肥肝重的影响,同时结合2014年全年肥肝生产记录及当地气温资料研究气温对鹅肥肝重的影响,以期为肥肝鹅的生产和育种工作提供参考资料。选择415只10周龄健康朗德鹅,开展为期28d的填饲试验,测定填饲前、填饲后体重,屠宰后测定肝脏重和腹脂重,采集血样,提取DNA后用于鉴定填饲鹅性别,同时收集2014年全年7 007只肥肝鹅肝脏重数据,结合每月的平均气温数据,分析气温对鹅肥肝生产的影响。结果表明,家鹅填饲前后体重及填饲期增重与肝脏重呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.40、0.62和0.46,均为极显著正相关（P〈0.01）,其中,填饲后体重极显著影响肥肝重（P〈0.01）;公、母鹅体重相近时性别对肥肝重无显著差异（P〉0.05）;气温对填饲效果具有极显著影响（P〈0.01）,填饲工作宜在13.6～25.2℃的温度下开展,20.3℃为最适宜填饲气温,气温越高肥肝重越小。综上所述,温度是保证填饲成功的最基本条件;可通过体重间接选育肝用型鹅品种;性别对肝脏重无显著影响。

The present study was designed to analyse the factors influencing fatty liver weight. Taking the overfeeding results in 2014 and the local temperature together,effects of gender,tem-perature and body weight on fatty liver weight were studied and the results would provide refer-ence information for improving fatty liver production and breeding work.Totally 415 geese at 10 weeks old were overfed for 28 days.Body weight before and after overfeeding,fatty liver weights, abdominal adipose weights were measured.Blood samples of geese were collected for DNA extrac-tion to determine the gender.The results showed that body weight before and after overfeeding and gain weight during overfeeding period were all associated with liver weight extremely signifi-cantly and the correlation coefficient were 0.40,0.62 and 0.46,respectively （P〈0.01）.The body weight after overfeeding showed extremely significant effect on fatty liver weight （P〈0.01 ）. Gender showed no significant effect on liver weight when the body weight were similar between female and male geese （P〉0.05）.Effect of temperature on liver weight was extremely significant （P〈0.01）.Overfeeding work should be conducted between 13.6 to 25.2 ℃ and the optimal tem-perature was 20.3 ℃.Higher temperature would result in reduction of fatty liver weight.In sum-mary,temperature was a fundamental guarantee for fatty liver production and body weight was an indirect selecting index when cultivate a breed specific for fatty liver.Further,gender showed no significant effects on fatty liver weight.