豆粕替代鱼粉饲料中添加胆固醇和牛磺酸对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、肝胰腺和血清胆固醇含量及体成分的影响

Replacement of Fish Meal by Soybean Meal to Supplement Cholesterol and Taurine in Diet for Litopenaeus Vannamei:Effects on Growth Performance,Hepatopancreas and Serum Cholesterol Content and Body Composition

本试验旨在探讨豆粕替代鱼粉饲料中添加胆固醇和牛磺酸对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、肝胰腺和血清胆固醇含量及体成分的影响。配制6种等氮等能的试验饲料，1种为含30％鱼粉的高鱼粉饲料（FM组），另外5种为含12％鱼粉的低鱼粉高豆粕饲料（SBM1～5组），其中SBM1组不添加胆固醇和牛磺酸，SBM2和SBM3组分别添加03％和0．6％的胆固醇，SBM4组添加03％的胆固醇和02％的牛磺酸，SBM5组添加0．6％的胆固醇和0.2％的牛磺酸。将初始体重为（0．35±0．01）g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾540尾随机分成6组，每组3个重复，每个重复30尾虾，进行为期8周的生长试验。结果表明：FM、SBM3、SBM4和SBM5组对虾的增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR）和成活率（SR）显著高于SBM1组（P〈005），饲料系数（FCR）显著低于SBM1组（P〈0.05），其中以FM组对虾的WGR、SGR和SR最高，且FCR最低，但与SBM3、SBM4和SBM5组无显著差异（P〉005）。SBM3、SBM4和SBM5组对虾的血清和肝胰腺总胆固醇（TC）含量显著高于SBMl组（P〈0.05），但与FM组差异不显著（P〉005）。此外，SBMl组对虾的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）含量显著低于FM、SBM2、SBM3、SBM4和SBM5组（P〈0.05），血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）含量显著低于SBM3和SBM5组（P〈005）。对虾全虾水分和粗灰分含量各组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。SBM1组对虾全虾粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量显著低于FM、SBM3和SBM5组（P〈005），与SBM2和SBM4组相比无显著差异（P〉0.05）。根据本试验结果得出，低鱼粉高豆粕饲料中添加0．6％的胆固醇或同时添加0．3％的胆固醇和02％的牛磺酸能够有效地提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和饲料效率。

A growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary replacement of fish meal with soybean meal to supplement cholesterol and taurine on growth performance,hepatopancreas and serum cholesterol content and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated. Among them,one was high fish meal diet（ FM） with 30.0% fish meal,and five were low fish meal＋high soybean meal diets（ SBM1- 5） with 12% fish meal. SBM1 was not supplemented with cholesterol or taurine,SBM2 and SBM3 were supplemented with 0.3% and 0.6% cholesterol,respectively,SBM4 was supplemented with 0.3% cholesterol and 0.2% taurine,and SBM5 was supplemented with 0. 6% cholesterol and 0.2% taurine. Five hundred and forty juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei with the initial average body weight of（ 0.35±0.01） g were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 shrimps per replicate. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate（ W GR）,specific growth rate（ SGR） and survival rate（ SR） of shrimps fed FM,SBM3,SBM4 and SBM5 were significantly higher and feed conversion ratio（ FCR） was significantly low er than those of shrimps fed SBM1（ P〈0.05）. At the same time,shrimps fed FMshowed the highest W GR,SGR,SR and the low est FCR among dietary treatments,but not significantly different from SBM3,SBM4 and SBM5（ P〉0.05）. Compared with shrimps fed SBM1,the content of total cholesterol in serum and hepatopancreas of shrimps fed SBM3,SBM4 and SBM5 was significantly increased（ P〈0.05）,but there was no significant difference betw een SBM1 and FM（ P〉0.05）. Furthermore,compared with shrimp fed SBM1,shrimps fed FM,SBM2,SBM3,SBM4 and SBM5 significantly enhanced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content in serum（ P〈0.05）,and shrimps fed diets SBM3 and SBM5 significantly enhanced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in serum（ P〈0.05）. The moisture and ash contents of shrimps fed six diets were not significantly different（ P〈0.05）. Compared with shrimps fed SBM1,the contents of crude protein and crude lipid were significantly increased when shrimps were fed FM,SBM3 and SBM5（ P〈0.05）,but there was no significant difference when shrimps were fed SBM1 and FM（ P〉0.05）. These results suggest that 0.6% cholesterol or 0.3% cholesterol and 0.2% taurine supplemented to the low fish mean-high soybean meal diets is helpful for shrimps to improve growth and feed efficiency.