不同加工方式玉米粉对12月龄伊犁马消化代谢、血浆生化指标及体增重的影响

Effects of Different Types of Manufacturing Corn Meal on Nutrient Digestion and Metabolism,Plasma Biochemical Indices and Body Weight Gain of 12-Month-Old Yili Horses

本试验旨在研究蒸汽压片玉米粉、膨化玉米粉对12月龄伊犁马消化代谢、血浆生化指标及体增重的影响,为蒸汽压片玉米粉、膨化玉米粉在马的饲养实践中的应用提供参考。选取体重相近[(261.95±14.73)kg]、年龄相近(12月龄左右)的伊犁马公马24匹,随机分为3组,每组8匹,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组。各组马匹每天每匹饲喂1.5 kg浓缩料和8 kg苜蓿干草,在此基础上对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组马匹每天每匹再分别饲喂1.5 kg的粉粹玉米粉、蒸汽压片玉米粉、膨化玉米粉,进行26 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期19 d,正试期7 d。结果表明:试验Ⅱ组的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维及酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率分别比对照组高出4.93%(P>0.05)、5.84%(P>0.05)、7.10%(P>0.05)、14.78%(P<0.05)、17.45%(P<0.05),而试验Ⅰ组的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质及中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率与对照组相比均差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组的氮沉积量、氮沉积率显著高于对照组及试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),分别高出81.19%、79.86%及104.78%、97.50%,而对照组、试验Ⅰ组间差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组的钙、磷沉积量及沉积率均高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组血浆中葡萄糖含量分别比对照组及试验Ⅰ组高出10.04%、20.79%(P<0.05)。饲喂蒸汽压片玉米粉和膨化玉米粉对12月龄伊犁马的体增重和平均日增重无显著影响(P>0.05),但试验Ⅱ组试验期内的体增重、平均日增重分别较对照组高出18.88%、20.37%,分别较试验Ⅰ组高出20.43%、20.37%。因此,饲喂膨化玉米粉可提高12月龄伊犁马对饲粮中营养物质的表观消化率及能量代谢,并促进马的生长;而饲喂蒸汽压片玉米粉对12月龄伊犁马的营养物质代谢、血浆生化指标及体增重均无显著影响。

This experiment aimed to study the effects of different types of manufacturing corn meal on nutrient digestion and metabolism,plasma biochemical indices and body weight gain of 12-month-old Yili horses,and provided a reference for steam-flaked corn meal and extruded corn meal in horses＇ feeding practice. Tw enty-four healthy Yili male horses with the age of 12 months old and the average body weight of（ 261. 95 ±14.73） kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,and each group had 8 horses. One group was control group,the others were trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Each horse was fed 1. 5 kg concentrated feed and 8 kg alfalfa hay per day. Besides,each horse of control group,trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was fed with 1. 5 kg grinding corn meal,steam-flaked corn meal and extruded corn meal,respectively. The digestion and metabolism experiment lasted for 26 d comprised a 19 d adaptation and 7 d trial period. The results showed that the apparent digestibility of dry matter（ DM）,organic matter（ OM）,crude protein（ CP）,neutral detergent fiber（ NDF） and acid detergent fiber（ ADF） of trial group Ⅱ was higher than that of control group,and were increased by 4.93%（ P〉0.05）,5.84%（ P〉 0.05）,7.10%（ P 〉0.05）,14.78%（ P〉 0.05） and 17.45%（ P〉 0.05）,respectively,but the digestibility of DM,OM,CP and NDF of trial group Ⅰ was not significantly different compared with control group（ P〉 0.05）. Nitrogen retention,nitrogen retention rate of trial group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those of control group and trial group Ⅰ（ P〈 0.05）,and were increased by 81. 19% and 79. 86%,104.78%and 97.50%,respectively,but there were no significant differences betw een control group and trial group Ⅰ（ P〉0.05）. The calcium（ Ca） retention,phosphorus（ P） retention,Ca retention rate and P retention rate of trial group Ⅱ were higher than those of control group and trial group Ⅰ（ P〉 0.05）. The content of plasma glucose of trial group Ⅱ was increased by 10.04% and 20.79%（ P 〈0.05）,respectively,compared with control group and trial group Ⅰ. Feeding steam-flaked corn meal and extruded corn meal had no significant effects on body weight gain and average daily gain（ ADG） of 12-month-old Yili horses,but body weight gain and ADG of trial group Ⅱ were increased by 18.88% and 20.37%,20.43% and 20.37%,respectively,compared with control group and trial group Ⅰ. Therefore,feeding extruded corn meal can improve the apparent digestibility of dietary nutrients,increase the energy metabolism and promote horse grow,but feeding steam-flaked corn has no significant effects on nutrient digestion and metabolism,plasma biochemical indices and body weight gain of 12 month-old Yili horse.