不同纤维和蛋白质水平饲粮对2岁焉耆马消化代谢、血浆生化指标及体增重的影响

Effects of Diets with Different Fiber and Protein Levels on Digestion and Metabolism,Plasma Biochemical Indices and Body Weight Gain of 2 Years Old Yanqi Horse

本试验旨在研究不同纤维和蛋白质水平饲粮对2岁焉耆马消化代谢、血浆生化指标及体增重的影响,为焉耆马的科学饲养提供理论基础。试验选取年龄为2岁、平均体重为(254±14)kg的焉耆马公马12匹,随机分为2组,每组6匹。采用分期分组的试验方法,试验分2期:第1期为试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,第2期为试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组饲喂纤维和蛋白质水平分别为73.52%、6.99%,68.82%、7.55%,67.32%、8.04%,64.21%、8.57%的饲粮,进行21 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期15 d,正试期6 d。结果表明:营养物质消化率随饲粮中蛋白质水平的增加而增加,其中试验Ⅳ组干物质、有机物、钙、磷的消化率显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);在能量代谢方面,增加饲粮中蛋白质水平可提高2岁焉耆马的代谢能、消化能,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);就钙、磷代谢而言,试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组的钙、磷摄入量、沉积量、沉积率以及粪磷、尿磷排出量均高于试验Ⅰ组,其中试验Ⅳ组钙、磷沉积率分别比试验Ⅰ组高出44.34%(P<0.05)和47.80%(P<0.05);但提高饲粮中蛋白质水平对2岁焉耆马血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮、谷氨酰胺含量及体增重无显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,提高2岁焉耆马饲粮中蛋白质水平可提高营养物质的消化率和沉积量,且以饲粮中纤维水平为64.21%、蛋白质水平为8.57%时最佳,但对血浆生化指标及体增重无显著影响。

This experiment mainly studied the effects of diets with different dietary fiber and protein levels on digestion and metabolism,plasma biochemical indices and body weight gain of 2 years old Yanqi horse,in order to provide the theoretical basis for scientific feeding of Yanqi horse. Tw enty healthy Yanqi male horses with the age of 2 years and the average body weight of（ 254 ± 14） kg were randomly divided into 2 groups,and each group had 6 horses. Used the method of staging group,trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were arranged in stage 1,and trial groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were arranged in stage 2. Horses in the 4 groups were fed diets with different fiber and protein levels（ the levels of fiber and protein in the diets were 73.52% and 6.99%,68.82% and 7.55%,67.32% and 8.04%,64.21% and 8.57%,respectively）. The digestion and metabolism experiment lasted for21 d,comprised a 15 d adaptation period and 6 d trial period. The results showed that the digestibility of nutrients of Yanqi horse all showed increasing trends with the dietary protein level increasing,the digestibility of dry matter（ DM）,organic matter（ OM）,calcium（ Ca）,phosphorus（ P） of trail group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in trial group Ⅰ（ P〈0.05）. In aspect of energy metabolism,digestible energy（ DE） and metabolism energy（ ME） of Yanqi horse were increased by increasing the dietary protein level,but there were no significant differences among trial groups（ P〉0.05）. In aspect of Ca and P metabolism,the intakes,retentions and retention rates of Ca and P and the outputs of feces Ca and feces P in trial groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were higher than those in trial group Ⅰ. Among them,the retention rates of Ca and P in trial group Ⅳ were increased by44.34%（ P〈0.05） and 47.80%（ P〈0.05） compared with trial group Ⅰ,respectively. But increasing the dietary protein level had no significant effects on the contents of total protein（ TP）,albumin（ ALB）,globulin（ GLB）,urea nitrogen（ UN） and glutamine（ Gln） in plasma and body weight gain among all groups（ P〉0.05）. Therefore,increasing the dietary protein level can improve nutrient digestibility and retention,but cannot affect plasma biochemical indices and body weight gain,and the optimal levels of fiber and protein in the diet are 64.21% and 8.57%,respectively.