城镇困难家庭的资产贫困与政策支持探析——基于2013年全国城镇困难家庭调查数据

Household Asset Poverty and Policy Support in Urban China:A Study Using the 2013 National Urban Vulnerable Family Survey

基于2013年民政部全国城镇困难家庭调查数据,研究发现当前我国城镇困难家庭的资产拥有量较低,资产贫困率远高于收入贫困率,家庭户主的教育、就业以及家庭照顾的需求等对资产贫困状况具有显著的影响。城镇困难家庭同时处于收入贫困和资产贫困的比例较高,资产的福利效应难以在贫困家庭中发挥出来。我国社会救助政策应当实现从"收入-消费"到"资产-发展"的视角转换,纳入对资产脆弱性和贫困风险的考量,拓展发展性的社会救助服务,为贫困家庭提供资产积累的制度机会。

Based on the 2013 National Urban Vulnerable Family Survey from the MCA, this study finds that vulnerable families in urban China tend to hold relatively limited assets. The asset poveety rate is far higher than income poverty. The household head＇s education, employment status as well as caregiving needs were significantly associated with household asset poverty. There were higher percentage of vulnerable families with both income and asset poor. It is difficult for the vulnerable family to benefit from the welfare effect of asset holding. The study suggests that social assistance policy paradigm should be shifted from the ＂ income-consumption ＂ to the ＂ asset-development ＂ incorporated the asset vulnerability and poverty risk factors. Additionally, developmental social assistance services should be expanded in the purpose of providing institutional opportunity of asset building for the families in poor.