引种中华虎凤蝶在燕山地区的生物学特性

The biological characteristics of Luehdorfia chinensis Leech(Lepidoptera:Papilionidae)introduced into yanshan area

中华虎凤蝶Luehdorfia chinensis是我国二级重点保护动物,就其引种至燕山地区的生物学特性进行调查研究。实验结果表明：中华虎凤蝶在燕山自然条件下1年仅发生1代,以蛹越冬;2月中旬开始结束越冬,历经成虫、卵和幼虫,5月上旬化蛹后进入休眠期;成虫羽化主要发生在上午8~11时,9~10时达到最高峰;在晴好条件下,成虫羽化当天即可交尾,交尾主要发生在12~14时,交尾时长18.93min;卵期为21~27d,孵化主要集中在4~6时和11~16时这两个时段内;不同龄期幼虫蜕皮发生的时段略有不同,大部分为凌晨和中午前后,少量发生在正午;五龄幼虫化蛹主要发生在9~11时、15~18时和20~23时这3个时段。此外,以引种的杜衡、细辛和本地杜衡3种寄主植物饲喂中华虎凤蝶幼虫均能正常发育,化蛹率无显著差异,但幼虫各龄发育历期间略有不同。综上所述,引种中华虎凤蝶至燕山地区后其生物学与原产地基本一致,表明其能适应燕山地区并建立种群,这为该蝶种在江西建立种群提供基础资料和实践指导,对于中华虎凤蝶的保护和利用具有重要的理论价值。

Luehdorfia chinensis Leech is one of the second class protected animals in China.The biological characteristics of L.chinensis introduced into Yanshan area were studied in this paper.It showed that L.chinensis had only one generation every year in Yanshan area.It overwintered with pupae and ecolsion occured at the middle of next February.It developed from adults,eggs,larvae,to pupae,then dormancy with the pupae stage appeared at the beginning of May.Adult emergence mainly happened at 8：00to 11：00,and reached the peak at 9：00to 10：00.If it was sunny,adults could mate in the emergency day.The mating mainly happened at 12：00to 14：00and average time was 18.93 minutes.Egg stage was 21 to 27days,and hatching mainly happened at 4：00to 6：00and 11：00to 16：00.The time of molting in different instars larvae were a little different,which mainly happened at the early morning and around noon and a few took place in the noon.Pupation of the fifth instar larvae mainly happened at 9：00to 11：00,15：00to 18：00and20：00to 23：00.Moreover,all of the larvae fed with introduced Asarum forbesii,A.sieboldii and local A.forbesii could finish their generation.The pupation rate had no significant differences,but the period of different instars had slightly differences.In summary,biological characteristics of L.chinensis introduced into Yanshan area were almost similar with those in the source area.It showed the introduced L.chinensis could fit in Yanshan area.These results provided basic information and practical guidance for population establishment of L.chinensis in Jiangxi province.It was very important for the protection and utilization of L.chinensis.